{"id":3617,"date":"2021-04-15T12:13:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T12:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/desteptati.ro\/?p=3617"},"modified":"2021-04-15T12:13:00","modified_gmt":"2021-04-15T12:13:00","slug":"richard-helmes-cerberul-secretelor-politicii-externe-americane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/15\/richard-helmes-cerberul-secretelor-politicii-externe-americane\/","title":{"rendered":"Richard Helmes, cerberul secretelor politicii externe americane"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>8 Minute, 35 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

Richard Helmes a fost prototipul spionului modern. Timp de 30 de ani de la \u00eenfiin\u021barea Agen\u021biei Centrale de Informa\u021bii (CIA) \u0219i anterior \u00eenfiin\u021b\u0103rii ei, \u00een anul 1946, \u00een perioada celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, la Oficiul de Servicii Strategice (OSS), Richard Helms a de\u021binut func\u021bii-cheie \u00een lumea aceea secret\u0103: agent secret OSS, \u0219ef de re\u021bea de spionaj, planificator \u0219i organizator de ac\u021biuni secrete, iar \u00een final, timp de peste \u0219ase ani (1966-1973), director-general CIA.<\/h4>\r\n

Scandalul Watergate \u0219i demiterea dicrectorului CIA, Richard Helmes<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u00cen galeria directorilor CIA, de la \u00eenfiin\u021bare \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 azi, Richard Helmes ocup\u0103 un loc central \u0219i privilegiat. Primul motiv este acela c\u0103 a fost promovat din interior la fun\u021bia suprem\u0103 pentru merite profesionale, \u00een timp ce majoritatea celorlal\u021bi directori-generali ai CIA a fost reprezentat\u0103 de oameni adu\u0219i din afara institu\u021biei, pe considerente cunoscute doar de pre\u0219edintele SUA. \u00cen acest context, cel mai edificator exemplu este cel dat de pre\u0219edintele Gerald Ford, care, la instalarea sa la Casa Alb\u0103, a numit la conducerea CIA pe politicianul George Herbert Bush, tat\u0103l ultimului pre\u0219edinte republican al SUA \u2013 un om f\u0103r\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een domeniul spionajului extern.<\/h4>\r\n

Un alt motiv de distinc\u021bie pentru Helms, comparativ cu ceilal\u021bi directori, este modul \u00een care acesta a \u021binut piept asaltului Casei Albe asupra CIA de a-l salva pe pre\u0219edintele Nixon \u0219i pe oamenii lui apropia\u021bi din scandalul intrat \u00een istorie sub numele Watergate. Concret vorbind, Nixon, prin asisten\u021bii lui de la Casa Alb\u0103 (John Dean, Haldeman etc.), \u00eencerca s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 de la Cia milioane de dolari \u00een bani ghea\u021b\u0103 cu care s\u0103 cumpere t\u0103cerea celor prin\u0219i \u00een flagrant \u00een efrac\u021bia de la Watergate \u0219i aresta\u021bi de FBI. Helms a f\u0103cut senza\u021bie prin refuzul s\u0103u de a implica CIA \u00een orice opera\u021biune de acoperire a ilegalit\u0103\u021bilor comise de Nixon \u0219i de oamenii lui. Fiind o anchet\u0103 federal\u0103 \u00een plin\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urare pe plan intern, Helms a considerat \u00een mod corect c\u0103 este de competen\u021ba poli\u021biei federale FBI \u0219i c\u0103 nu are vreo leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu spionajul extern. Pentru acest gest temerar, Helms va pl\u0103ti cu func\u021bia sa, fiind demis de Nixon \u0219i expediat la Teheran ca \u0219ef al misiunii diplomatice americane din capitala Iranului.<\/h4>\r\n

\u0218efi de stat uci\u0219i din ordinul pre\u0219edin\u021bilor americani<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Al treilea motiv de celebritate dob\u00e2ndit de Helmes a fost modul \u00een care s-a comportat dup\u0103 demiterea sa de la CIA \u0219i mai ales dup\u0103 demisia lui Nixon de la Casa Alb\u0103. Helms a fost anchetat dur de c\u0103tre o comisie a Congresului american prezidat\u0103 de senatorul Frank Church, care \u00eei cerea lui Helms s\u0103 dezv\u0103luie toate ilegalit\u0103\u021bile comise de CIA sub conducerea sa, \u00een special \u00een Chile, unde pre\u0219edintele ales democratic, Salvador Allende, a fost r\u0103sturnat de la putere din ordinul lui Nixon.<\/h4>\r\n

\u00cen aceste confrunt\u0103ri acerbe cu senatorii americani, Helms\u0219i-a construit strategia de p\u0103strare a secretelor de stat pe dou\u0103 considerente. Primul a fost ap\u0103rarea oamenilor de la CIA care au executat ordinele ministrului de Externe Henry Kissinger, aflat la conducerea politicii externe a SUA, alternativa fiind ani de \u00eenchisoare pentru ei \u0219i pentru Richard Helms. Iar cel de-al doilea, obliga\u021bia de serviciu de a p\u0103stra confiden\u021bialitatea ac\u021biunilor externe ale guvernului american, alternativa fiind compromiterea SUA pe plan extern.<\/h4>\r\n

Pe scurt, Helms s-a decis s\u0103 mint\u0103 comisia senatorial\u0103 de anchetare a activit\u0103\u021bilor CIA, a fost prins min\u021bind sub stare de jur\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i pedepsit cu amenda maxim\u0103 prev\u0103zut\u0103 de lege plus doi ani de \u00eenchisoare. William Colby, care l-a succedat pe Helms la conducerea CIA, a procedat exact invers \u00een fa\u021ba Congresului: a livrat senatorilor tot ce au cerut ace\u0219tia din arhivele secrete ale CIA, spre disperarea ministrului de Externe Kissinger \u0219i a pre\u0219edintelui SUA, Gerald Ford. A\u0219a au aflat America \u0219i restul lumii despre asasinarea unor \u0219efi de stat sau de guverne din alte \u021b\u0103ri la ordinul unor pre\u0219edin\u021bi americani (Patrice Lumumba, Rafael Trujillio, Ngo Dihn Diem, Salvador Allende etc.). Pe masa senatorilor americani din sala de anchete au fost expuse de William Colby armele \u0219i dispozitivele de ucidere preg\u0103tite de CIA pentru asasinarea lui Fidel Castro.\u00een urma dezv\u0103luirilor lui William Colby s-au putut stabili cu precizie crimele comise de pre\u0219edintele Nixon: blocarea justi\u021biei SUA \u00een ancheta FBI privind Watergate \u0219i violarea Constitu\u021biei statului Chile prin r\u0103sturnarea unui guvern democratic ales.<\/h4>\r\n
\"Ruchard<\/a>
Ruchard Nixon (stanga) si Richard Helms (dreapta)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

Asasinate, r\u0103sturn\u0103ri de guverne, experimente medicale…<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Nici Henry Kissinger n-a sc\u0103pat nep\u0103tat, acesta purt\u00e2nd r\u0103spunderea pentru organizarea r\u0103zboiului civil din Angola, precum \u0219i pentru conducerea direct\u0103 a ac\u021biunilor americane \u00een Chile contra guvernului Allende. Concluzia final\u0103 a anchetei Senatului SUA este precis\u0103, cu enumerarea concret\u0103 a ilegalit\u0103\u021bilor comise de CIA, care demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 sub pretextul unei urgen\u021be interna\u021bionale (lupra contra comunismului) pre\u0219edin\u021bii SUA au folosit un instrument secret al puterii (CIA), pentru violarea unor principii de baz\u0103 ale Constitu\u021biei SUA. \u00centre acestea se \u00eenscriu: 1) deschiderea frauduloas\u0103 a coresponden\u021bei po\u0219tale a cet\u0103\u021benilor americani; 2) asasinarea unor \u0219efi de stat din Vietnamul de Sud (Ngo Dinh Diem), din Republica Dominican\u0103 (Rafael Trujillio), din Congo (Patrice Lumumba), Chile (Salvador Allende), precum \u0219i numeroase tentative la via\u021ba pre\u0219edintelui Cubei (Fidel Castro); 3) experimente medicale asupra unor cet\u0103\u021beni nepreveni\u021bi anterior; 4) finan\u021barea \u0219i educarea poli\u021biei locale din alte \u021b\u0103ri pentru torturarea opozan\u021bilor; 5) sprijinirea \u0219i apoi abandonarea unor r\u0103scula\u021bi \u00een \u021b\u0103ri ca Ungaria (1956); 6) injectarea de sume corup\u0103toare de bani \u00een sistemul politic al altor \u021b\u0103ri (Chile); 7) a\u021b\u0103\u021barea unor r\u0103zboaie civile \u00een scopuri str\u0103ine \u021b\u0103rilor care g\u0103zduiau r\u0103zboaie (angola); 8) interven\u021bia direct\u0103 \u00een r\u0103sturnarea unor guverne democratice la cererea unor firme private americane (guvernul Arbenz din Guatemala, r\u0103sturnat \u00een anul 1954, la cererea firmei United Fruit).<\/h4>\r\n

Cum au aflat americanii de rachetele din Cuba<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Un aspect inedit dezv\u0103luit este contribu\u021bia nepre\u021buit\u0103 adus\u0103 de agentul Oleg Penkovsky \u00een solu\u021bionarea crizei rachetelor sovietice din Cuba. Aflat \u00een serviciul britanicilor, care, alarma\u021bi de iminen\u021ba unui r\u0103zboi nuclear, au solicitat participarea CIA la interogarea la Londra a lui Penkovsky (cel mai \u00eenalt \u0219i mai prolific dezertor sovietic), el a furnizat anglo-americanilor peste 10000 de documente militare sovietice, inclusiv specifica\u021bii tehnice detaliate ale rachetelor sovietice de ultim\u0103 genera\u021bie.<\/h4>\r\n

Aceste documente au permis militarilor americani s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 or\u0103 cu or\u0103 progresul de instalare a rachetelor sovietice \u00een Cuba \u0219i s\u0103 calculeze cu precizie \u021bintele americane care intrau \u00een raza acestora. A\u0219a au descoperit c\u0103 orice ora\u0219 important de pe continentul nord-american era expus devast\u0103rii nucleare, cu excep\u021bia ora\u0219ului Seattle din statul Washington, de pe coasta Oceanului Pacific. Pre\u0219edintele Kennedy \u0219i-a evacuat familia din capitala SUA \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 rural\u0103 a statului Virginia. Omenirea nu \u0219tie nici azi ce de\u0219ert ar fi devenit planeta noastr\u0103 \u00een urma unui duel nuclear \u00eentre URSS \u0219i SUA \u00een timpul crizei rachetelor sovietice instalate \u00een secret de Hru\u0219ciov \u00een Cuba anului 1962. Penkovsky a fost prins \u00een flagrant delict de KGB, arestat, judecat \u0219i ars de viu din ordinul lui Hru\u0219ciov. \u00cen acest context trebuie \u00een\u021beles \u0219i avertismentul ulterior al unui ministru de Externe american c\u0103 \u201enu este rezonabil pentru europeni s\u0103 se a\u0219tepte din partea unui pre\u0219edinte al SUA s\u0103 ri\u0219te existen\u021ba ora\u0219ului Chicago pentru a salva ora\u0219ul Hamburg<\/em>\u201d.<\/h4>\r\n

Se precizeaz\u0103 cu detalii c\u0103 ordinul de asasinare a lui Fidel Castro de c\u0103tre CIA a fost emis de c\u0103tre pre\u0219edintele Eisenhower \u0219i reconfirmat de John F. Kennedy dup\u0103 alegerea sa ca pre\u0219edinte al SUA. Numai c\u0103 Santos Trafficante, care era pl\u0103tit de CIA pentru efectuarea atentatului \u00een Cuba, \u00eel informa sistematic pe Fidel Castro despre aceste ac\u021biuni contra lui. Concluzia este lapidar\u0103: \u201eEste un fapt verificat c\u0103 CIA a \u00eencercat in mod cert s\u0103-l omoare pe Castro, indiferent de motivele \u0219i loialit\u0103\u021bile agen\u021bilor ale\u0219i pentru aceast\u0103 ac\u021biune<\/em>\u201d. Iar Richard Helms era ofi\u021berul care supraveghea la CIA fiecare faz\u0103 \u0219i toate detaliile tehnice ale acestei ac\u021biuni. Ani mai t\u00e2rziu, c\u00e2nd pre\u0219edinte al SUA era Lyndon Johnson, acesta a fost informat de Richard Helms, devenit \u00eentre timp director-general al CIA, despre tentativele de asasinare a lui Castro, organizate sub administra\u021bia lui Kennedy.<\/h4>\r\n

Lyndon Johnson, cu pu\u021bin \u00eenainte de plecarea sa la pensie de la Casa Alb\u0103, a f\u0103cut urm\u0103toarea confesiune jurnalistului Howard K. Smith: \u201eAm s\u0103-\u021bi spun ceeva care o s\u0103 te \u0219ocheze: Kennedy a \u00eencercat s\u0103-l suprime pe Castro, dar Castro a ajuns primul la Kennedy<\/em>\u201d.<\/h4>\r\n
\"Richard<\/a>
Richard Helms in fata comisiei senatoriale in 1973 (stanga) si la investirea sa ca director CIA de catre presedintele Lyndon B. Jhonson in 1966 (dreapta)`<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

Sovieticii preg\u0103teau alte \u201eHiroshime\u201d \u00een Asia<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Am l\u0103sat pentru finalul acestui articol cea mai surprinz\u0103toare dezv\u0103luire. Americanii au fotografiat din Cosmos ciocnirile militare dintre trupele sovietice \u0219i chineze din luna martie 1969, pe valea r\u00e2ului Ussuri, care este grani\u021ba natural\u0103 a celor dou\u0103 \u021b\u0103ri. Sovieticii au concentrat acolo mari for\u021be militare, inclusiv arme nucleare tactice.<\/h4>\r\n

Alarmat, Henry Kissinger a ordonat CIA elaborarea unui studiu aprofundat al conflictului Chinei cu URSS. La prezentarea acestui studiu, guvernul american a aflat cu detalii tehnice c\u0103 URSS preg\u0103tea un atac nuclear contra centrelor de cercetare \u0219i dezvoltare a armelor atomice de pe teritoriul Chinei. \u00cen sprijinul acestor informa\u021bii neverosimile \u0219i nemaiauzite despre cele dou\u0103 puteri comuniste ale lumii contribu\u021bia la clarificarea acestui secret de stat este adus\u0103 de c\u0103tre Secretarul General al Casei Albe, H. R. Haldeman. Acesta, \u00een cartea sa de amintiri, The Ends of Power<\/em>, aduce detalii suplimentare ale demersurilor sovietice pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 pre\u0219edintele Nixon, de la care ru\u0219ii \u00eencercau s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 un acord politic \u00een atacul nuclear al URSS contra China.<\/h4>\r\n

Omenirea afl\u0103 cu mare \u00eent\u00e2rziere c\u0103 \u00een vara anului 1969 sovieticii preg\u0103teau alte Hiroshime pe continentul asiatic! Nu se \u0219tie cine a reu\u0219it s\u0103-i opreasc\u0103 pe sovietici de la bombardarea atomic\u0103 a Chinei: Nixon, Mao sau am\u00e2ndoi \u00eempreun\u0103? S\u0103 nu uit\u0103m c\u0103 Nixon \u0219i Kissinger au intrat \u00een istoria acelei perioade pentru modul \u00een care au jucat cartea Chinei \u00een marele joc strategic contra URSS-ului. \u00cen \u00eencheiere, men\u021bionez un detaliu pitoresc: pentru a nu pierde pensia cuvenit\u0103 pentru cele trei decenii de activitate la OSS \u0219i la CIA, Richard Helms a primit cu suspendare sentin\u021ba de doi ani de \u00eenchisoare pentru sperjur la audierile Congresului SUA. El a decedat la 22 octombrie 2002, la venerabila v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 89 de ani.<\/h4>\r\n

Articol publicat de Michael Nicholas Blaga in revista Historia \u2013 an XI, nr. 109, ianuarie 2011<\/em><\/h4>
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Richard Helmes a fost prototipul spionului modern. Timp de 30 de ani de la \u00eenfiin\u021barea Agen\u021biei Centrale de Informa\u021bii (CIA)Read More<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3619,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39,28,37],"tags":[530,531,532,533,157,59,60,534,535,536,537,458,471,538,539,72,540,541,542,473,543,544,155,545,281,546],"class_list":["post-3617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fratele-mai-mare","category-secvente-istorice","category-servicii-secrete-secvente-istorice","tag-agent-secret","tag-asasinate","tag-casa-alba","tag-cerber","tag-cia","tag-desteptati","tag-desteptati-va","tag-externa","tag-gerald-ford","tag-helmes","tag-kgb","tag-kissinger","tag-nixon","tag-oficiu-de-servicii-secrete","tag-oss","tag-politica","tag-retea-de-spionaj","tag-richard","tag-richard-helmes","tag-secrete","tag-servicii","tag-serviciu-de-informatii","tag-spionaj","tag-sua","tag-urss","tag-watergate"],"rise-blocks_total_comments":0,"rise-blocks_categories":[{"term_id":39,"name":"CIA et com.","slug":"fratele-mai-mare","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":39,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":37,"count":6,"filter":"raw"}],"rise-blocks_excerpt":"Richard Helmes a fost prototipul spionului modern. Timp de 30 de ani de la \u00eenfiin\u021barea Agen\u021biei Centrale de Informa\u021bii (CIA) \u0219i anterior \u00eenfiin\u021b\u0103rii ei, \u00een anul 1946, \u00een perioada celui de-Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, la Oficiul de Servicii Strategice (OSS), Richard Helms a de\u021binut func\u021bii-cheie \u00een lumea aceea secret\u0103: agent secret OSS, \u0219ef de re\u021bea de spionaj, planificator \u0219i organizator..","yoast_head":"\r\nRichard Helmes, cerberul secretelor politicii externe americane -<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/15\/richard-helmes-cerberul-secretelor-politicii-externe-americane\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Richard Helmes, cerberul secretelor politicii externe americane -\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Richard Helmes a fost prototipul spionului modern. 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