{"id":3648,"date":"2021-04-16T06:46:30","date_gmt":"2021-04-16T06:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/desteptati.ro\/?p=3648"},"modified":"2022-01-18T14:42:06","modified_gmt":"2022-01-18T12:42:06","slug":"serviciile-de-informatii-romanesti-in-primul-razboi-mondial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/16\/serviciile-de-informatii-romanesti-in-primul-razboi-mondial\/","title":{"rendered":"Serviciile de informa\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne\u015fti \u00een Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>6 Minute, 26 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

Evenimentele deosebit de importante care s-au desf\u0103\u015furat \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului XIX (Unirea Principatelor Rom\u00e2ne, r\u0103zboiul de independen\u0163\u0103) au determinat, \u00een mod firesc, o intensificare a activit\u0103\u0163ilor cu specific informativ. Num\u0103rul personalului poli\u0163ienesc a crescut de c\u00e2teva ori \u015fi s-a extins \u00een toate ora\u015fele \u0163\u0103rii, iar de la 1 septembrie 1893 a fost \u00eenfiin\u0163at\u0103 \u015fi jandarmeria rural\u0103.<\/h4>\n

Lipsa de informare a puterii executive, constatat\u0103 cu ocazia r\u0103scoalei de la 1907, a dus la \u00eenfiin\u0163area unui nou organism \u00een cadrul poli\u0163iei, denumit „Serviciul Siguran\u0163ei”, iar extinderea competen\u0163elor acestuia \u00een anii urm\u0103tori a condus la reformularea denumirii institu\u0163iei, sub forma Direc\u0163ia Poli\u0163iei \u015fi Siguran\u0163ei Generale (1912).<\/h4>\n

In pofida \u00eent\u0103ririi numerice \u015fi perfec\u0163ion\u0103rii preg\u0103tirii profesionale a structurilor care se ocupau de asigurarea siguran\u0163ei statului, Rom\u00e2nia a fost \u00een perioada neutralit\u0103\u0163ii din timpul primului r\u0103zboi mondial, un teren de confruntare \u00eentre puternicele servicii de spionaj ale marilor puteri angrenate \u00een conflict.<\/h4>\n

Legea spionajului, adoptat\u0103 \u00een ianuarie 1913, nu 1-a \u00eempiedicat pe generalul A. Zottu, \u015feful Marelui Stat Major al armatei rom\u00e2ne, s\u0103 tr\u0103deze secrete de importan\u0163\u0103 vital\u0103 serviciului de spionaj german, dar tr\u0103darea colonelului Alexandru Sturdza, din ianuarie 1917, a fost pic\u0103tura care a umplut paharul, conducerea armatei lu\u00e2nd decizia de a reorganiza activitatea informativ\u0103 \u00een unit\u0103\u0163ile proprii. Cu aceast\u0103 ocazie a fost creat\u0103 o prim\u0103 structur\u0103, care \u015fi-a dovedit eficien\u0163a at\u00e2t \u00een anii r\u0103zboiului c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een perioada urm\u0103toare, cunoscut\u0103 mai ales sub denumirea de Serviciul Special de Informa\u0163ii.<\/h4>\n

In timpul r\u0103zboiului balcanic (1912 – 1913), armata rom\u00e2n\u0103 a resim\u0163it acut lipsa unui organism specializat care s\u0103 asigure Marelui Cartier General datele \u015fi informa\u0163iile necesare pentru bunul mers al opera\u0163iunilor militare.<\/h4>\n

Pentru a suplini aceaste caren\u0163e, Ministerul de R\u0103zboi a alocat, dup\u0103 terminarea conflictului, o sum\u0103 de 600 000 lei, care i-au fost \u00eencredin\u0163a\u0163i, dup\u0103 propria m\u0103rturisire, lui Mihail Moruzov, cu scopul de a crea un serviciu de informa\u0163ii. P\u0103rea omul cel mai indicat pentru o astfel de misiune deoarece organizase \u015fi condusese, din \u00eens\u0103rcinarea Direc\u0163iei Siguran\u0163ei Generale \u015fi a Marelui Stat Major, \u00een perioada noiembrie 1908 – aprilie 1914, mai multe astfel de structuri. Dar, dup\u0103 scurt\u0103 vreme, Sec\u0163ia a II-a a Marelui Stat Major a preluat atribu\u0163iile \u00een domeniul informativ.<\/h4>\n

S-a \u00eencercat \u015fi crearea unui birou mixt, format din angaja\u0163i ai Sec\u0163iei a II-a \u015fi ai Siguran\u0163ei Generale a Statului, \u00een care au fost \u00eencadrate elemente „f\u0103r\u0103 preg\u0103tire \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 experien\u0163\u0103 \u00een domeniu”, fapt care, coroborat cu fric\u0163iunile existente la nivelul conducerii celor dou\u0103 institu\u0163ii, a determinat un e\u015fec rapid. Au existat \u00eens\u0103 \u015fi organisme informative eficiente, precum Brigada de siguran\u0163\u0103 de la Constan\u0163a, condus\u0103 de comisarul special Constantin Duca, care, din ianuarie 1916, a creat o re\u0163ea \u00een zona de nord-est a Bulgariei, furniz\u00e2nd constant informa\u0163ii despre concentr\u0103rile masive de trupe bulgaro-germane \u00een zona de grani\u0163\u0103 cu Rom\u00e2nia.<\/h4>\n

Dup\u0103 retragerea armatei \u015fi administra\u0163iei \u00een Moldova, concomitent cu activit\u0103\u0163ile destinate refacerii armatei rom\u00e2ne, s-a acordat o aten\u0163ie deosebit\u0103 \u015fi culegerii de informa\u0163ii despre inamic. In acest sens au fost mobiliza\u0163i c\u00e2te un agent de siguran\u0163\u0103 pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 fiecare unitate militar\u0103, precum \u015fi delega\u0163i ai Siguran\u0163ei Generale pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 serviciile de informa\u0163ii ruse de pe front. S-a insistat \u00een mod deosebit pentru \u00eent\u0103rirea frontului de Sud, deoarece gurile Dun\u0103rii aveau o importan\u0163\u0103 strategic\u0103 deosebit\u0103. Sarcina organiz\u0103rii unei structuri informative eficiente i-a revenit lui Mihail Moruzov.<\/h4>\n

Astfel, din \u00eens\u0103rcinarea Direc\u0163iei Siguran\u0163ei Generale \u015fi a Marelui Cartier General, Moruzov a descins la Ismail \u00een martie 1917, pun\u00e2nd bazele Biroului de Siguran\u0163\u0103 al Deltei Dun\u0103rii. Aceast\u0103 organiza\u0163ie format\u0103 din 15 profesioni\u015fti ai informa\u0163iilor, utiliza un num\u0103r variabil de „informatori cerceta\u015fi”, care erau angaja\u0163i „dup\u0103 necesitate”.<\/h4>\n

In scopul acoperirii depline a labirintului acvatic de care r\u0103spundea, Moruzov a hot\u0103r\u00e2t delimitarea zonelor de ac\u0163iune \u00een sectoare (Sulina – 3 cadre, V\u00e2lcov – 4 cadre, Ismail – 7 cadre), centrul fiind la Ismail.<\/h4>\n

Situa\u0163ia operativ\u0103 din prim\u0103vara anului 1917 era deosebit de complex\u0103. In Delt\u0103, Armata a 6-a rus\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi avea propriul serviciu de informa\u0163ii, cu sediul tot la Ismail, serviciu condus de agentul Al. Escholtz, protejat al viceamiralului Visolkin, care ac\u0163ionase \u00eenc\u0103 din anul 1915 la Reni ca „agent corup\u0103tor”, av\u00e2nd sarcina de a determina dezertarea la ru\u015fi a unor cadre militare rom\u00e2ne.<\/h4>\n

In afara sarcinilor specifice contraspionajului, echipa lui Moruzov a fost obligat\u0103 de realit\u0103\u0163i s\u0103 ac\u0163ioneze ofensiv, pentru a culege c\u00e2t mai multe informa\u0163ii despre inten\u0163iile inamicului.<\/h4>\n

Realizarea acestui obiectiv presupunea \u00eens\u0103 crearea unei re\u0163ele de agen\u0163i care s\u0103 ac\u0163ioneze pe teritoriul inamic. In lunile martie \u015fi aprilie 1917, Moruzov a contactat 12 persoane din r\u00e2ndul pescarilor localnici, pe care le cuno\u015ftea din perioada anterioar\u0103 r\u0103zboiului \u015fi ale c\u0103ror rude se aflau \u00een sudul Dun\u0103rii. Preg\u0103tirea pentru misiune era realizat\u0103 de Moruzov \u015fi dura \u00eentre 5 \u015fi 10 zile. Agen\u0163ilor le era strict interzis s\u0103-\u015fi noteze sarcinile primite sau datele aflate \u00een cursul misiunii, at\u00e2t timp c\u00e2t se aflau pe teritoriul inamic, fiind obliga\u0163i s\u0103 memoreze totul. Una din etapele cele mai dificile consta \u00een trecerea liniei frontului f\u0103r\u0103 a fi descoperi\u0163i. Prin intermediul dezertorilor sau al spionilor captura\u0163i, au fost ob\u0163inute informa\u0163ii precise privind m\u0103surile de paz\u0103 \u015fi de control la frontier\u0103, adoptate de trupele inamice.<\/h4>\n

Eficien\u0163a acestor m\u0103suri a fost extraordinar\u0103, dac\u0103 ne raport\u0103m la faptul c\u0103 dintr-un total de 178 de spioni inamici care au trecut \u00een nordul Dun\u0103rii, au fost captura\u0163i 156. Motivul \u00eel constituie identificarea \u015fi recrutarea de c\u0103tre  agen\u0163ii lui Moruzov a barcagiilor utiliza\u0163i de inamic. Treptat, Mihail Moruzov a intrat in conflict cu inspectorul general al Siguran\u0163ei, Romulus Voinescu, deoarece refuzase s\u0103 i se subordoneze \u00een plan informativ.<\/h4>\n

Jocurile informative complexe \u00een care era angrenat Moruzov au condus la atragerea unor puternice antipatii din partea inspectorului general care a izbutit, la 6 mai 1918 s\u0103 determine deschiderea unei anchete cu privire la activit\u0103\u0163ile informative din Delta Dun\u0103rii.<\/h4>\n

Dosarul anchetei a fost trimis de c\u0103tre Corpul 5 Armat\u0103 la Marele Stat Major cu urm\u0103toarea rezolu\u0163ie: \u00ab Din acte rezult\u0103 c\u0103 subcomisarul Moruzov M. \u015fi agentul Luchian A. sunt vinova\u0163i de faptele care li se imput\u0103 […] Sunt de p\u0103rere c\u0103 ambii trebuie \u00eendep\u0103rta\u0163i din serviciu \u015fi Moruzov chiar predat judec\u0103\u0163ii”.<\/h4>\n

Conducerea Marelui Stat Major a refuzat \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 Moruzov este un tr\u0103d\u0103tor, fie \u015fi numai datorit\u0103 celor peste 700 de note \u015fi rapoarte de mare valoare operativ\u0103, furnizate \u00een perioada martie 1917 – aprilie 1918, pentru care fusese decorat cu Ordinul „Coroana Rom\u00e2niei” cu spade \u00een grad de cavaler. Pentru l\u0103murirea situa\u0163iei s-a ordonat reluarea cercet\u0103rilor.<\/h4>\n

Analiz\u00e2nd argumentele prezentate, maiorul Ioan \u0162\u0103ranu, \u015feful Biroului 2 Contrainforma\u0163ii al Sec\u0163iei a IV-a din Marele Stat Major a \u00eentocmit, pe 3 iunie, un referat \u00een care se aprecia c\u0103 „activitatea rodnic\u0103” a serviciului condus de Moruzov, care a produs numai \u00een ultimele trei luni, un dosar de peste 150 file, precum \u015fi m\u0103rturiile unor importante personalit\u0103\u0163i militare \u015fi civile, \u00eel determin\u0103 s\u0103 afirme c\u0103 „dl. Moruzov este un element de valoare, c\u0103 a adus reale servicii opera\u0163iunilor noastre militare \u015fi cauzei noastre na\u0163ionale \u00een sudul Basarabiei”. Referatul se \u00eencheia cu o apreciere deosebit\u0103, dac\u0103 lu\u0103m \u00een considerare faptul c\u0103 apar\u0163ine unui profesionist al informa\u0163iilor: „Regret c\u0103 nu am avut ocazia s\u0103 cunosc pe dl. Moruzov acum un an, fiind sigur c\u0103 ajutorul d-sale direct, ar fi fost de mare utilitate serviciului nostru”.<\/h4>\n

Ancheta la care a fost supus \u015fi eforturile deosebite depuse \u00een perioada anterioar\u0103, l-au marcat pe Moruzov, determin\u00e2ndu-l s\u0103 se interneze \u00een spital \u00een septembrie 1918. Ulterior, anchetele ministeriale la care a fost supus au condus la \u00eendep\u0103rtarea sa din r\u00e2ndul profesioni\u015ftilor \u00een informa\u0163ii. Abia \u00een 1925, ministrul de interne Constantin Argetoianu a decis reintegrarea acestuia \u00een Ministerul de R\u0103zboi, f\u0103r\u0103 a se consemna \u00eens\u0103 vreo func\u0163ie de conducere \u00een dreptul lui Mihail Moruzov.<\/h4>\n

\u015etefan Mari\u0163iu \u015fi Nevian Tun\u0103reanu<\/em><\/h4>
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Evenimentele deosebit de importante care s-au desf\u0103\u015furat \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului XIX (Unirea Principatelor Rom\u00e2ne, r\u0103zboiul de independen\u0163\u0103)Read More<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4495,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[608,609,592,59,60,610,611,612,613,179,614,575,523,544,615,155,616,83,617],"class_list":["post-3648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mult-hulita","tag-activitate","tag-constantin-argetoianu","tag-culegere-de-informatii","tag-desteptati","tag-desteptati-va","tag-informativa","tag-ioan-taranu","tag-mihail-moruzov","tag-munca-informativa","tag-romania","tag-romulus-voinescu","tag-servicii-de-spionaj","tag-servicii-secrete","tag-serviciu-de-informatii","tag-serviciul-sigurantei","tag-spionaj","tag-sturdza","tag-tradare","tag-zottu"],"rise-blocks_total_comments":1,"rise-blocks_categories":[{"term_id":45,"name":"Securitatea","slug":"mult-hulita","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":45,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":37,"count":8,"filter":"raw"}],"rise-blocks_excerpt":"Evenimentele deosebit de importante care s-au desf\u0103\u015furat \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului XIX (Unirea Principatelor Rom\u00e2ne, r\u0103zboiul de independen\u0163\u0103) au determinat, \u00een mod firesc, o intensificare a activit\u0103\u0163ilor cu specific informativ. Num\u0103rul personalului poli\u0163ienesc a crescut de c\u00e2teva ori \u015fi s-a extins \u00een toate ora\u015fele \u0163\u0103rii, iar de la 1 septembrie 1893 a fost \u00eenfiin\u0163at\u0103 \u015fi jandarmeria rural\u0103. Lipsa..","yoast_head":"\r\nServiciile de informa\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne\u015fti \u00een Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial -<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/16\/serviciile-de-informatii-romanesti-in-primul-razboi-mondial\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Serviciile de informa\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne\u015fti \u00een Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial -\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Evenimentele deosebit de importante care s-au desf\u0103\u015furat \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului XIX (Unirea Principatelor Rom\u00e2ne, r\u0103zboiul de independen\u0163\u0103)Read More\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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