{"id":3733,"date":"2021-04-16T08:44:14","date_gmt":"2021-04-16T08:44:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/desteptati.ro\/?p=3733"},"modified":"2022-01-31T14:54:20","modified_gmt":"2022-01-31T12:54:20","slug":"perfidia-hortista-si-transilvania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/16\/perfidia-hortista-si-transilvania\/","title":{"rendered":"Perfidia Hortista si Transilvania"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>7 Minute, 38 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

Horthy ar fi \u00eencercat s\u00e3 satisfac\u00e3 solicitarea Moscovei de neimplicare militar\u00e3 \u00een schimbul Transilvaniei, dar directa subordonare a for\u0163elor Honved comandei germane, \u00een perioada 1941-1942, au f\u00e3cut acest lucru imposibil. Situa\u0163ia s-a schimbat, \u00een prim\u00e3vara lui 1943, odat\u00e3 cu numirea la conducerea For\u0163elor de Ocupa\u0163ie din Ucraina a veteranului armatei ro\u015fii, Geza Lakatos. Lakatos, ca fost consilier al comisarului de r\u00e3zboi Kun \u2013 agentul sovietic Vilmos B\u00f6hm, avea contactele necesare pentru a negocia \u00een\u0163elegeri de neagresiune cu armata sovietic\u00e3 \u015fi grupurile de partizani. Directiva \u00cenaltului Comandament Sovietic din ianuarie 1944 adresat\u00e3 \u201eat\u00e2t Armatei Ro\u015fii c\u00e2t \u015fi grupurilor de partizani din zon\u00e3\u201d men\u0163iona c\u00e3 \u201eunit\u00e3\u0163ile maghiare nu trebuie s\u00e3 fie atacate\u201d. Chiar dac\u00e3 \u201eele deschideau focul\u201d, unit\u00e3\u0163ile sovietice primiser\u00e3 ordinul \u201es\u00e3 le treac\u00e3 cu vederea \u015fi s\u00e3 trag\u00e3 numai daca \u00eent\u00e2mpinau o rezisten\u0163\u00e3 puternic\u00e3 \u015fi deosebit de persistent\u00e3\u201d.<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n
\"Bogdan<\/a>
Bogdan Filov – prim-minustru bulgar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La mijlocul lui octombrie 1942, primul ministru bulgar, Bogdan Filov, a fost invitat \u00een Ungaria ca parte a efortului Budapestei de a stabili o rela\u0163ie special\u00e3 cu Sofia, deoarece \u201ecel mai puternic stat danubian\u201d \u015fi cel mai mare stat balcanic \u2013 acum c\u00e3 Rom\u00e2nia fusese \u00eemp\u00e3r\u0163it\u00e3 \u00eentre ele \u015fi URSS \u2013 erau \u201emenite s\u00e3 colaboreze\u201d. \u00cen noiembrie, \u015feful maghiar al statului major a \u00eentors vizita partenerului bulgar la Sofia. \u00cen timp ce, \u00een general, erau considerate a avea rezultate minore, aceste vizite la nivel extrem de \u00eenalt reflectau cel pu\u0163in politica comun\u00e3 adoptat\u00e3 de cele dou\u00e3 state \u00een respingerea cooper\u00e3rii Rom\u00e2niei pentru ie\u015firea din r\u00e3zboi. Negocierile rom\u00e2no-maghiare din 1943 s-au dovedit un e\u015fec, iar Filov a informat imediat Berlinul referitor la propunerile Bucure\u015ftiului, \u00een perioada iulie-august 1943, \u201ec\u00e3 cele dou\u00e3 state ar trebui s\u00e3 le permit\u00e3 anglo-saxonilor s\u00e3 preia peninsula balcanic\u00e3 pentru a o salva de bol\u015fevism\u201d.<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n
\"Simbolurile<\/a>
Simbolurile partidului Crucea cu sageti<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00cen consecin\u0163\u00e3, Atz\u00e9l \u015fi al\u0163ii ca el nu au avut dificult\u00e3\u0163i s\u00e3 p\u00e3r\u00e3seasc\u00e3 Crucea cu S\u00e3ge\u0163i (\u015fi alte asemenea organiza\u0163ii fasciste) \u015fi s\u00e3 fie bie primi\u0163i \u00een Partidul Comunist Ungar, condus de Moscova (care includea din nou aripa transilv\u00e3nean\u00e3 ce apar\u0163inuse anterior de PCR). La \u00eenceputul lui 1944, dup\u00e3 \u00eencheierea unor acorduri cu for\u0163ele sovietice pe frontul de est, conduc\u00e3torii ungari din jurul lui Horthy au re\u00eennoint tentativele de \u201ea face \u00een\u0163elegeri cu sovieticii \u015fi a ataca Rom\u00e2nia.\u201d La mijlocul lui martie 1944, un grup de lideri militari, politici \u015fi religio\u015fi transilv\u00e3neni au propus un plan prin care Horthy urma s\u00e3 mearg\u00e3 \u00een nordul Transilvaniei, sub protec\u0163ia Armatei I-a \u015fi sub comanda lui Atz\u00e9l, \u00een timp ce \u00eentreaga comunitate maghiar\u00e3, unit\u00e3 sub Partidul Maghiar Transilv\u00e3nean, toate organiza\u0163iile (dintre care multe intraser\u00e3 deja \u00een partidul comunist \u015fi puseser\u00e3 bazele unor noi organiza\u0163ii \u201edemocratice\u201d) \u015fi institu\u0163iile, inclusiv Armata I-a \u015fi a II-a, s\u00e3 mearg\u00e3 \u201een bloc la ru\u015fi\u201d. \u00cen acest scop, Horthy i-a \u00eens\u00e3rcinat pe \u015feful cancelariei sale militare, generalul Bela Miklos (de Dalnok) \u015fi pe generalul Lajos Veres (von Dalnoki) s\u00e3 comande Armatele I-a \u015fi a II-a \u015fi s\u00e3 efectueze transferul. Comuni\u015ftii transilv\u00e3neni, pretinz\u00e2nd acum c\u00e3 \u201eap\u00e3r\u00e3 cu loialitate interesele Ungariei\u201d, au luat parte la plan p\u00e2n\u00e3 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul prim\u00e3verii anului 1944, la fel ca \u015fi rectorul Universit\u00e3\u0163ii Cluj, Deszo Miskolzy, care era rezident la Budapesta \u00een 1940, atunci c\u00e2nd guvernul Horthyst i-a numit \u00een func\u0163ie pe el \u015fi pe episcopii maghiari din Transilvania.<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n
\"Geza<\/a>
Geza Lakatos – prim-ministru ungar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Imediat dup\u00e3 numirea lui Lakatos ca prim ministru, Horthy l-a trimis pe baronul Atz\u00e9l, acum comunist, s\u00e3 contacteze autorit\u00e3\u0163ile sovietice. Atz\u00e9l a plecat la Moscova \u015fi s-a \u00eent\u00e2lnit cu \u015feful spionajului militar, generalul Feodor F. Kuzne\u0163ov, ob\u0163in\u00e2nd asigur\u00e3ri c\u00e3:<\/h4>\n

\u2022 armatei rom\u00e2ne nu i se va permite s\u00e3 ocupe nordul Transilvaniei;<\/h4>\n

\u2022 administra\u0163ia maghiar\u00e3, poli\u0163ia \u015fi jandarmii nu vor fi \u00eenlocui\u0163i de rom\u00e2ni;<\/h4>\n

\u2022 \u00een Transilvania se va efectua un referendum \u015fi<\/h4>\n

\u2022 \u00cenaltul Comandament Sovietic \u201eva trimite grupuri de partizani \u00een Ungaria pentru a-i ajuta pe maghiari la schimbarea de regim.\u201d<\/h4>\n

Ulterior, Horthy a trimis o delega\u0163ie la Moscova, condus\u00e3 de generalul Farago, pentru a \u00eencheia armisti\u0163iul.<\/h4>\n

Comandan\u0163ii militari sovietici au aprobat cu satisfac\u0163ie acordul Kuzne\u0163ov \u2013 Atz\u00e9l, a\u015fa cum a fost prezentat \u00een vara lui 1944. Cu toate c\u00e3 scopul sovieticilor de a provoca mari pierderi \u00een r\u00e2ndul armatei rom\u00e2ne \u015fi mai ales \u00een cadrul corpului ofi\u0163eresc, presupunea ca for\u0163ele rom\u00e2ne s\u00e3 intre \u00een nordul Transilvaniei, ele au fost trimise rapid mai departe \u015fi nu li s-a permis nici s\u00e3 se \u00eencartiruiasc\u00e3 \u00een ora\u015fe \u015fi nici s\u00e3 \u00eenlocuiasc\u00e3 for\u0163ele de ocupa\u0163ie din regiune. Cooper\u00e2nd acum cu autorit\u00e3\u0163ile sovietice, acelea\u015fi oficialit\u00e3\u0163i \u015fi organiza\u0163ii maghiare care intraser\u00e3 \u00een nordul Transilvaniei cu girul lui Hitler \u015fi Mussolini \u015fi cu binecuv\u00e2ntarea lui Stalin, era acum recunoscute ca fiind \u201ecombatan\u0163i ilegali\u015fti\u201d care luptaser\u00e3 \u00eempotriva burgheziei \u015fi a guvernului rom\u00e2n \u201eburghezo-mo\u015fieresc\u201d. Dup\u00e3 cum nota mai t\u00e2rziu un comunist maghiar transilv\u00e3nean, a existat \u201eun cerc in Transilvania de nord care, \u00eenainte de eliberare, era compus din persoane care formaser\u00e3 comitete cu fasci\u015ftii \u015fi care, de pe o zi pe alta, au devenit mari prieteni ai Uniunii Sovietice, ar\u00e3t\u00e2nd c\u00e3, \u00een orice caz, Transilvania nu va fi rom\u00e2neasc\u00e3\u201d. Subliniind c\u00e3 revizionismul, mai degrab\u00e3 dec\u00e2t op\u0163iunile politice motivaser\u00e3 schimbarea, el a men\u0163ionat \u00een continuare c\u00e3 \u201eunii primari, care fuseser\u00e3 agen\u0163i ai serviciilor secrete britanice, acum curtau tot ceea ce era sovietic\u201d, \u00een timp ce al\u0163ii, \u201eprecum Iordache \u015fi cei din jurul lui\u201d, continuau s\u00e3 predice revizionismul, f\u00e3c\u00e2nd agita\u0163ie \u00een acest scop \u201ela partid, \u00een \u015fcoli \u015fi oriunde altundeva\u201d.<\/h4>\n

Aceast\u00e3 redistribuire masiv\u00e3 a agen\u0163ilor lui Horthy ca \u201elupt\u00e3tori antifasci\u015fti\u201d a permis Budapestei s\u00e3 insiste ca Rom\u00e2nia s\u00e3 admit\u00e3 \u00een sudul Transilvaniei aproximativ 200.000 de maghiari, pe care i-a caracterizat drept \u201evictime\u201d ale \u201erepresiunilor na\u0163ionale ale regimului Antonescu\u201d. \u00cens\u00e3, comisia germano-italian\u00e3 a stabilit c\u00e3 numai 60.000 de maghiari (din totalul de 462.000) p\u00e3r\u00e3siser\u00e3 sudul Transilvania \u015fi c\u00e3 \u201enu to\u0163i pot fi considera\u0163i refugia\u0163i\u201d.<\/h4>\n

Numero\u015fi maghiari au emigrat \u00een Ungaria dup\u00e3 Arbitrajul de la Viena, din proprie voin\u0163\u00e3, din motive patriotice, unii dintre ei chiar \u00eenainte de intrarea trupelor maghiare \u00een nordul Transilvaniei. Al\u0163ii au fost motiva\u0163i de dorin\u0163a de a fi cu familiile lor sau de perspectiva unor avantaje financiare, f\u00e3r\u00e3 ca autorit\u00e3\u0163ile rom\u00e2ne s\u00e3 exercite vreo presiune asupra lor. Autorit\u00e3\u0163ile maghiare locale, acum fie comuni\u015fti, fie \u00een coali\u0163ie cu ace\u015ftia \u00een \u201enoi\u201d organiza\u0163ii democratice (de exemplu Uniunea Popular\u00e3 Maghiar\u00e3, format\u00e3 la 6 octombrie 1944, a absorbit o mare parte din Partidul Transilv\u00e3nean Maghiar), erau deosebit de \u00eencrez\u00e3toare \u00een sprijinul sovietic, datorit\u00e3 acordurilor anterioare. Astfel, spre exemplu, atunci c\u00e2nd rectorul \u015fi profesorii rom\u00e2ni, care fuseser\u00e3 for\u0163a\u0163i s\u00e3 p\u00e3r\u00e3seasc\u00e3 universitatea din Cluj \u00een 1940 s-au re\u00eentors \u00een 1944, cu un mandat oficial de preluare a conducerii, ei au fost pur \u015fi simplu refuza\u0163i de Miskolczy, numitul Budapestei, care se aflase \u00een fruntea eforturilor de \u201ereprimare a culturii\u201d rom\u00e2ne\u015fti. La cererea Ungariei \u2013 aceasta se \u00eent\u00e2mpla pe 14 octombrie 1944 c\u00e2nd Ungaria lupta \u00eenc\u00e3 al\u00e3turi de Ax\u00e3 \u00eempotriva Rom\u00e2niei \u015fi a for\u0163elor sovietice \u2013 \u015feful de stat major sovietic al Comisiei de Control Aliate din Rom\u00e2nia (CCA), generalul Vinogradov, a plasat Universitatea \u015fi administra\u0163iei acesteia, numit\u00e3 de Budapesta \u201esub protec\u0163ia Armatei Sovietice\u201d \u015fi a ordonat Bucure\u015ftiului s\u00e3 nu se amestece.<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n
\"g-ral.<\/a>
g-ral. Vladislav Vi\u00adno\u00adgra\u00addov<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Administra\u0163ia civil\u00e3 rom\u00e2neasc\u00e3, numit\u00e3 dup\u00e3 ce Transilvania a fost eliberat\u00e3 de for\u0163ele maghiare \u015fi germane, la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lui octombrie, a fost alungat\u00e3 rapid de autorit\u00e3\u0163ile militare sovietice, la 11 noimbrie 1944. Sovieticii au instituit \u00een schimb o administra\u0163ie militar\u00e3 bazat\u00e3 pe aceia\u015fi administratori civili maghiari \u015fi \u015fefi de institu\u0163ii numi\u0163i ini\u0163ial de regimul de ocupa\u0163ie al lui Horthy. \u00cen modul deja cunoscut, Moscova trata Rom\u00e2nia \u201ealiat\u00e3\u201d ca pe inamic \u015fi stabilea o coordonare \u201eprieteneasc\u00e3\u201d cu \u201einamicul\u201d maghiar din Ax\u00e3, \u00eempotriva ei.<\/h4>\n

Sprijinul deschis al autorit\u00e3\u0163ilor militare sovietice pentru men\u0163inerea conducerii maghiare a constituit subiectul a sute de rapoarte din regiune, \u00een perioada 1944-1947. Spre exemplu, cu o s\u00e3pt\u00e3m\u00e2n\u00e3 \u00eenainte de transferul pur formal al nordului Transilvaniei \u00een autoritatea administrativ\u00e3 a Bucure\u015ftiului, spionajul militar raporta primului ministru rom\u00e2n c\u00e3 activitatea revizionist\u00e3 ungar\u00e3 \u201ese manifesta pe deplin sub masca comunismului,\u201d \u00een timp ce simbolurile na\u0163ionale rom\u00e2ne\u015fti continuau s\u00e3 fie \u0163inta ridiculiz\u00e3rilor \u015fi a sanc\u0163iunilor legale. Era \u201einterzis\u00e3\u201d expunerea drapelului \u015fi \u201eelevii de liceu care purtau culorile na\u0163ionale la butonier\u00e3 erau aresta\u0163i\u201d. Rom\u00e2nii erau obliga\u0163i s\u00e3 foloseasc\u00e3 numai limba maghiar\u00e3 \u00een rela\u0163iile cu autorit\u00e3\u0163ile\u201d, intelectualii erau umili\u0163i \u00een public \u015fi eticheta\u0163i drept fasci\u015fti, iar ofi\u0163erii rom\u00e2ni \u015fi solda\u0163ii care \u00ee\u015fi vizitau familiile erau \u201earesta\u0163i, escorta\u0163i pe str\u00e3zi de organele civile ale Poli\u0163iei Populare Ungare \u015fi for\u0163a\u0163i la munci for\u0163ate umilitoare \u00een v\u00e3zul popula\u0163iei \u015fi al comandan\u0163ilor militari sovietici\u201d. \u00centr-adev\u00e3r, autorit\u00e3\u0163ile maghiare se bazau deschis pe sprijinul sovietic:<\/h4>\n

Cu orice ocazie, ungurii observau simpatia comandan\u0163ilor sovietici, c\u00e3ut\u00e2nd s\u00e3-i conving\u00e3 prin orice mijloace de sentimente lor comuniste pentru a ob\u0163ine diverse avantaje \u015fi a-\u015fi atinge scopurile iredentiste.<\/h4>\n

Raportul concluziona c\u00e3 \u201eintensa propagand\u00e3 revizionist\u00e3\u201d se manifesta \u00een continuare la reuniunile sindicatelor \u201edemocratice\u201d maghiare, \u00een timp ce Poli\u0163ia Popular\u00e3 Ungar\u00e3 continua s\u00e3 comit\u00e3 \u201etot felul de atrocit\u00e3\u0163i \u015fi amenin\u0163\u00e3ri pentru a for\u0163a popula\u0163ia rom\u00e2neasc\u00e3 s\u00e3 p\u00e3r\u00e3seasc\u00e3 nordul Transilvaniei\u201d.<\/h4>\n

Larry Watts, istoric american<\/em><\/h4>
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Horthy ar fi \u00eencercat s\u00e3 satisfac\u00e3 solicitarea Moscovei de neimplicare militar\u00e3 \u00een schimbul Transilvaniei, dar directa subordonare a for\u0163elor HonvedRead More<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1077,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[781,168,501,671,59,60,782,783,784,626,627,785,786,262,265,669,787,444,788,155,135,84,281],"class_list":["post-3733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transilvania","tag-agenti","tag-armata","tag-bela","tag-budapesta","tag-desteptati","tag-desteptati-va","tag-forte-armate","tag-gru","tag-honved","tag-horthy","tag-informatii","tag-kun","tag-magiar","tag-moscova","tag-nkvd","tag-raport","tag-rosie","tag-secret","tag-sovietic","tag-spionaj","tag-transilvania","tag-ungaria","tag-urss"],"rise-blocks_total_comments":0,"rise-blocks_categories":[{"term_id":51,"name":"Transilvania","slug":"transilvania","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":51,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":13,"filter":"raw"}],"rise-blocks_excerpt":"Horthy ar fi \u00eencercat s\u00e3 satisfac\u00e3 solicitarea Moscovei de neimplicare militar\u00e3 \u00een schimbul Transilvaniei, dar directa subordonare a for\u0163elor Honved comandei germane, \u00een perioada 1941-1942, au f\u00e3cut acest lucru imposibil. Situa\u0163ia s-a schimbat, \u00een prim\u00e3vara lui 1943, odat\u00e3 cu numirea la conducerea For\u0163elor de Ocupa\u0163ie din Ucraina a veteranului armatei ro\u015fii, Geza Lakatos. Lakatos, ca fost consilier al comisarului de..","yoast_head":"\r\nPerfidia Hortista si Transilvania -<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/16\/perfidia-hortista-si-transilvania\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Perfidia Hortista si Transilvania -\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Horthy ar fi \u00eencercat s\u00e3 satisfac\u00e3 solicitarea Moscovei de neimplicare militar\u00e3 \u00een schimbul Transilvaniei, dar directa subordonare a for\u0163elor HonvedRead More\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/16\/perfidia-hortista-si-transilvania\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" 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