{"id":3986,"date":"2021-04-19T09:01:16","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T09:01:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/desteptati.ro\/?p=3986"},"modified":"2021-04-19T09:01:16","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T09:01:16","slug":"ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/","title":{"rendered":"Ocuparea economic\u0103 a Transilvaniei?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>8 Minute, 12 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

Mul\u0163i str\u0103ini care au cunoscut provinciile istorice ale Rom\u00e2niei, la ele acas\u0103, au g\u0103sit fireasc\u0103 aprecierea c\u0103 aceast\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103 din zona central-sud-estic\u0103 are cu ce se m\u00e2ndri: oameni harnici, peisaje naturale variate \u015fi minunate, zone unicat \u00een Europa, rezerva\u0163ii de interes mondial, un soi deosebit de fertil \u015fi numeroase alte bog\u0103\u0163ii ale solului \u015fi subsolului. Pentru c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia a fost d\u0103ruit\u0103 cu ceea ce multe \u0163\u0103ri vecine, sau mai \u00eendep\u0103rtate, nu au \u015fi, de aceea, acestea – a\u015fa dup\u0103 cum demonstreaz\u0103 istoria – au r\u00e2vnit \u015fi poate c\u0103 mai r\u00e2vnesc la cele din provinciile rom\u00e2ne\u015fti. A\u015fa a fost \u00een timpurile str\u0103vechi, a\u015fa a fost \u00een secolele din urm\u0103, a\u015fa se pare c\u0103 este \u015fi acum. Istoria a consemnat cuceririle provinciilor Daciei str\u0103vechi de c\u0103tre imperiul Roman, sau ale Rom\u00e2niei moderne de c\u0103tre imperiile vecine, datorit\u0103 bog\u0103\u0163iilor sale. Iar cei care au reu\u015fit s\u0103 cucereasc\u0103, prin r\u0103zboi sau vicle\u015fug, teritorii, cu greu au mai putut fi alunga\u0163i din vatra str\u0103mo\u015feasc\u0103. Chiar \u015fi dup\u0103 aceea, unii au \u00eencercat mereu s\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2neasc\u0103 din nou p\u0103r\u0163i ale teritoriilor \u0163\u0103rilor rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, atra\u015fi precum ursul de mierea stupilor naturali din p\u0103duri. Istoria a consemnat la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul primului r\u0103zboi mondial (1914-1918) dispari\u0163ia imperiului austro-ungar \u015fi a celui otoman, ceea ce a dus la \u00eentregirea teritoriului, ocupat de peste dou\u0103 mii de daco-romani, \u00een Rom\u00e2nia Mare, \u00een care se incluseser\u0103 toate provinciile locuite de rom\u00e2ni si aflate sub domina\u0163ie str\u0103in\u0103. Se crease astfel un complex economic rom\u00e2nesc omogen ce a fost sf\u00e2rtecat, practic, prin sentin\u0163a de arbitraj din 30 august 1940, care a obligat guvernul regal al Rom\u00e2niei de atunci s\u0103 cedeze Ungariei nordul Transilvaniei, iar imperiului sovietic, Basarabia \u015fi Nordul Bucovinei, cu un col\u0163 al Moldovei, ca urmare a ultimatumului rusesc, iar printr-un acord, a c\u0103rui clarificare r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een sarcina istoriei nep\u0103rtinitoare, Cadrilaterul\u00a0 dobrogean a trecut la Bulgaria.<\/h4>\r\n

Dup\u0103 cel de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, nordul Transilvaniei, cu aproape o treime din bog\u0103\u0163iile solului si subsolului Rom\u00e2niei, \u00eenstr\u0103inate prin arbitrajul de la Viena, au revenit la patria-mam\u0103. Tot istoria a consemnat c\u0103 evolu\u0163iile politice ulterioare din Europa \u015fi din lume au permis \u0163\u0103rii noastre s\u0103 refac\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 consolideze complexul economic rom\u00e2nesc, folosind baza proprie si bogat\u0103 de materii prime, inclusiv din Transilvania.<\/h4>\r\n

Ce arat\u0103 cifrele, acordurile \u015fi rela\u0163iile dintre Ungaria \u015fi \u0163ara noastr\u0103<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Trecerea, \u00een ultimii 15 ani, de la economia de comand\u0103 centralizat\u0103 la economia de pia\u0163\u0103 func\u0163ional\u0103, \u00eentr-un proces dureros de tranzi\u0163ie, a oferit prilejul \u201erestructur\u0103rii” com\u00adplexului economic rom\u00e2nesc prin care s-a deschis calea p\u0103trunderii \u00een \u0163ar\u0103 a capitalului str\u0103in. Dac\u0103 aceste \u201erestructur\u0103ri” n-ar fi \u00eenso\u0163ite de sus\u00adpiciuni semnalate de mass-media, uneori dovedite, \u015fi s-ar face exclusiv pe baza principiilor de pia\u0163\u0103 liber\u0103 func\u0163ional\u0103, poate c\u0103 temerile de \u201e\u00eenstr\u0103inare a economiei \u0163\u0103rii”, ade\u00adsea expus\u0103 deschis, n-ar fi un motiv de \u00eengrijorare. Din p\u0103cate, realitatea privatiz\u0103rilor din perioada tranzi\u0163iei arat\u0103 c\u0103 nu toate v\u00e2nz\u0103rile din patri\u00admoniul statului au fost f\u0103cute meticu\u00adlos, \u00een folos na\u0163ional, unele au provo\u00adcat proteste, soldate chiar cu crime, ceea ce a aruncat o persistent\u0103 um\u00adbr\u0103 de \u00eendoial\u0103 asupra unor investi\u0163ii de capital str\u0103in \u00een \u0163ara noastr\u0103. In\u00adfluen\u0163ate de evenimente istorice din trecutul nu prea \u00eendep\u0103rtat, zbuciu\u00admat, al rela\u0163iilor dintre \u0163ara noastr\u0103 \u015fi vecina Ungaria, o parte a opiniei publice ar fi tentat\u0103 s\u0103 suspecteze \u015fi s\u0103 se nelini\u015fteasc\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 Transilvania ar putea s\u0103 fie ocupat\u0103 de capitalul unguresc. Dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 important\u0103 provincie rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 nu poate fi dezlipit\u0103 de Rom\u00eenia \u015fi alipit\u0103 Ungariei, dup\u0103 cum doresc \u015fi afirm\u0103 deschis iredenti\u015ftii maghiari, bog\u0103\u0163iile ei ar putea fi acaparate pe calea ocup\u0103rii economice.<\/h4>\r\n

Acest punct de vedere ap\u0103rut din interpretarea evolu\u0163iilor economice \u015fi comerciale din ultima vreme, dintre Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi Ungaria, este exagerat, chiar dac\u0103 schimburile economice \u015fi investi\u0163iile din Ungaria \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi din Rom\u00e2nia \u00een Ungaria au cunoscut \u00a0un salt important. La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului trecut, investi\u0163iile ungare de capital \u00een Rom\u00e2nia atinseser\u0103 347,07 milioane de dolari SUA sub forma aportului \u00a0la capitalul de 800 de milioane dolari SUA al celor 5010 firme func\u0163ionale cu participare de capital ungar, \u00eenregistrate \u00een Rom\u00e2nia la data mai sus men\u0163ionat\u0103. Dup\u0103 capitalul \u00a0firmelor func\u0163ionale cu contribu\u0163ie de capital ungar, Budapesta se situeaz\u0103 pe locul 12 \u00een topul investitorilor \u00a0str\u0103ini \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, iar dup\u0103 aportul de 347,07 milioane de dolari SUA pe locul 7 \u00eentre principalii investitori str\u0103ini.<\/h4>\r\n

Suspiciunile mai sus men\u0163ionate ar mai putea fi sus\u0163inute, probabil \u015fi din dispropor\u0163ia mare dintre investi\u0163iile ungare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi cele rom\u00e2ne\u015fti \u00een Ungaria, care se ridicau, la aceea\u015fi dat\u0103, la aproape 60 de milioane de dolari SUA \u00een cele 6010 firme ungare \u00eenregistrate \u00een registrul comer\u0163ului cu capital rom\u00e2nesc.<\/h4>\r\n

Dintre cele 16 mari societ\u0103\u0163i comerciale ungare care au investit \u00een societ\u0103\u0163i comerciale rom\u00e2ne\u015fti prin aport de capital, 11 se afl\u0103 \u00een Transilvania, precum MOL Rom\u00e2nia Petroleum Products SRL (la Cluj), specializat\u0103 \u00een petrol \u015fi combustibili, cu aport de capital \u00adde 104,639 milioane dolari SUA, Gedeon Richter Rom\u00e2nia SRL (la T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f), specializat\u0103 \u00een produc\u0163ia de medicamente, cu aport de capital 18.972 milioane dolari, Dunapark Rambox Prodimpex SRL (la Sf\u00e2ntu Gheorghe), specializat\u0103 \u00een produc\u0163ia de ambalaje), cu aport de capital de 8,510 milioane dolari, Salina Invest SRL (la Sovata), specializat\u0103 \u00een in\u00addustria hotelier\u0103, cu aport de capital de 7,390 de milioane de dolari, Zora Serv Corn SRL (la T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f), spe\u00adcializat\u0103 \u00een construc\u0163ii, cu aport de capital de 3,653 milioane de dolari, Carb SA (la Bra\u015fov), specializat\u0103 \u00een extrac\u0163ie minier\u0103, cu aport de capital de 3,644 milioane de dolari, Asa Cons Romania SRL (la Cluj), specializat\u0103 \u00een construc\u0163ii, cu aport de capital de 3,445 milioane de dolari, Hotel T\u00e2r\u00adnava 2000 SA (la Odorheiu Secuiesc), specializat\u0103 \u00een industria hotelier\u0103, cu aport de capital de 3,424 milioane de dolari, Lotus Market SRL (la Ora\u00addea), specializat\u0103 \u00een imobiliare, cu aport de capital de 2,697 milioane de dolari, Unical Prodimex SRL (la Sf\u00e2ntu Gheor\u00adghe), specializat\u0103 \u00een produc\u0163ia de ambalaje din ma\u00adterial plastic, cu capital de 2,610 milioane de dolari \u015fi Isoplus Rom\u00e2nia SRL (la Oradea), specializat\u0103 \u00een produc\u0163ia de tuburi de aluminiu, cu aport de capital de 1,528 de milioane de dolari.<\/h4>\r\n

Celelalte cinci societ\u0103\u0163i comerci\u00adale importante cu capital ungar, si\u00adtuate \u00een afara Transilvaniei, sunt RoBank SA (la Bucure\u015fti), specializat\u0103 \u00een activit\u0103\u0163i bancare \u015fi financiare, cu aport de capital de 66,122 milioane de dolari, Cesarom SA (la Bucure\u015fti), specializat\u0103 \u00een produse ceramice, cu aport de capital de 20,576 milioane de dolari, Profi Rom Food SRL (la Ti\u00admi\u015foara), specializat\u0103 \u00een comer\u0163ul cu alimente, b\u0103uturi alcoolice, tutun, cu aport de capital de 9,230 de milioane de dolari, Pipelife Romania SRL (la Bucure\u015fti), specializat\u0103 \u00een produc\u0163ia de tuburi \u015fi profile de cauciuc, cu aport de capital de 5,617 milioane dolari \u015fi Lesaffre Romania SRL (la Otopeni), specializat\u0103 \u00een produse alimentare, cu aport de capital de 3,608 milioane de dolari.<\/h4>\r\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, capitalul ungar investit \u00een Transilvania de marile fir\u00adme ungure\u015fti este de 242,91 milioane de dolari, restul de 104,16 milioane milioane, din suma total\u0103 de 347,07 milioane, este investit \u00een companii cu activit\u0103\u0163i principale \u00een alte zone ale Rom\u00e2niei. Este greu s\u0103 stabilim \u00een ce m\u0103\u00adsur\u0103 companiile men\u0163ionate \u00ee\u015fi rezum\u0103 activit\u0103\u0163ile \u00een zonele \u00een care \u00ee\u015fi au sediul central, de aceea o pretins\u0103 cucerire economic\u0103 a Transilvaniei de c\u0103\u00adtre capitalul ungar, este, judec\u00e2nd numai dup\u0103 fir\u00admele mari, greu de acceptat. Dac\u0103 se au \u00een vedere \u015fi firmele mici \u015fi mijlocii, ce reprezint\u0103 diferen\u0163a de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 5010 care func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei, cu aport de capital ungar, s-ar putea ca concluzia de mai sus s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi modificat\u0103.<\/h4>\r\n

Cert este faptul c\u0103 investi\u0163iile de capital un\u00adgar \u00een Rom\u00e2nia cresc de la an la an. \u00een 2004, de pild\u0103, banca OTP din Ungaria a cump\u0103rat RoBank, societatea MOL Ungaria a cump\u0103rat re\u0163eaua de carburan\u0163i Shell din \u0163ara noastr\u0103, iar tendin\u0163a general\u0103 este de preg\u0103tire a unor noi investi\u0163ii, realizabile mai ales dup\u0103 ce Ungaria a devenit membr\u0103 a UE. Anul trecut, de pild\u0103, au fost \u00eenre\u00adgistrate \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, 674 de companii noi cu ca\u00adpital ungar, majoritatea \u00een zona Transilvaniei. \u00cen prezent, se elaboreaz\u0103 noi strategii ale firmelor ungare de p\u0103trundere pe pia\u0163a rom\u00e2neasc\u0103.<\/h4>\r\n

Aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103 este sus\u0163inut\u0103 \u015fi de evolu\u0163ia favorabil\u0103 a schimburilor economice rom\u00e2no-ungare, aflat\u0103 \u00eentr-un curs ascendent, cu noi recorduri. \u00eenc\u0103 din 1992, schimburile re\u00adciproce de m\u0103rfuri au crescut continuu, ating\u00e2nd anul trecut suma de 2,143 miliarde de euro, din care exporturile Ungariei \u00een Rom\u00e2nia s-au cifrat la 1,744 miliarde de euro \u015fi importurile ei din’ Rom\u00e2nia la 730,28 milioane de euro. Este, dup\u0103 cum se vede un dezechilibru substan\u0163ial \u00een de\u00adfavoarea Rom\u00e2niei, cu \u015fanse de a se men\u0163ine \u015fi chiar m\u0103ri.<\/h4>\r\n

\u00cen exporturile Ungariei \u00een \u0163ara noastr\u0103 g\u0103sim automobile, tractoare \u015fi alte vehicule te\u00adrestre, ma\u015fini, aparate electrice, medicamente, carne, combustibili \u015fi uleiuri minerale, materiale plastice, articole de cauciuc, aparate \u015fi dispoziti\u00adve mecanice, produse din font\u0103, fier \u015fi o\u0163el. Dup\u0103 aderarea Ungariei la Uniunea European\u0103 expor\u00adturile ungure\u015fti spre Rom\u00e2nia de produse agri\u00adcole au fost influen\u0163ate negativ, diminu\u00e2ndu-se cu circa 70 la sut\u0103, de la 102,237 milioane euro, \u00een 2003, la 33,451 milioane, \u00een 2004. Pe rela\u0163ia importurilor ungare din Rom\u00e2nia s-a \u00eenregistrat cea mai dinamic\u0103 cre\u015ftere la aluminiu \u015fi articole din aluminiu, cazane, turbine, motoare, aparate \u015fi dispozitive mecanice, echipamente electrice, produse ceramice \u015fi produse alimentare.<\/h4>\r\n

Din cele prezentate p\u00e2n\u0103 acum se poate afir\u00adma c\u0103 o posibil\u0103 penetrare excesiv\u0103 economic\u0103 a Transilvaniei de c\u0103tre capitalurile ungare este discutabil\u0103, \u0163in\u00e2ndu-se seama c\u0103, la nivel oficial, \u00eentre Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi Ungaria exist\u0103 un parteneriat politic ce se consolideaz\u0103, \u0163intind dezvoltarea ce\u00adlor dou\u0103 \u0163\u0103ri, \u00een cadrul \u015fi spiritul Uniunii Europe\u00adne.<\/h4>\r\n

FLOREA \u0162UIU – Revista „Balcanii \u015fi Europa”- oct. 2005<\/em><\/h4>
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Mul\u0163i str\u0103ini care au cunoscut provinciile istorice ale Rom\u00e2niei, la ele acas\u0103, au g\u0103sit fireasc\u0103 aprecierea c\u0103 aceast\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103 dinRead More<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3988,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[426,1282,59,60,154,1283,1284,179,225,135,84],"class_list":["post-3986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dosare-inedite","tag-bogatie","tag-capital","tag-desteptati","tag-desteptati-va","tag-istorie","tag-mol","tag-ocupare","tag-romania","tag-tara","tag-transilvania","tag-ungaria"],"rise-blocks_total_comments":0,"rise-blocks_categories":[{"term_id":13,"name":"Dosare inedite","slug":"dosare-inedite","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":13,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":9,"filter":"raw"}],"rise-blocks_excerpt":"Mul\u0163i str\u0103ini care au cunoscut provinciile istorice ale Rom\u00e2niei, la ele acas\u0103, au g\u0103sit fireasc\u0103 aprecierea c\u0103 aceast\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103 din zona central-sud-estic\u0103 are cu ce se m\u00e2ndri: oameni harnici, peisaje naturale variate \u015fi minunate, zone unicat \u00een Europa, rezerva\u0163ii de interes mondial, un soi deosebit de fertil \u015fi numeroase alte bog\u0103\u0163ii ale solului \u015fi subsolului. Pentru c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia a fost..","yoast_head":"\r\nOcuparea economic\u0103 a Transilvaniei? -<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ocuparea economic\u0103 a Transilvaniei? -\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mul\u0163i str\u0103ini care au cunoscut provinciile istorice ale Rom\u00e2niei, la ele acas\u0103, au g\u0103sit fireasc\u0103 aprecierea c\u0103 aceast\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103 dinRead More\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-19T09:01:16+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1294406146bocbelavoiculescutariceanu-rpres-e1609755332954-1.jpg\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"356\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"201\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"wolfsoftcompany\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"wolfsoftcompany\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minute\" \/>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"wolfsoftcompany\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/#\/schema\/person\/13182deeebd44920914899f7bb262d6b\"},\"headline\":\"Ocuparea economic\u0103 a Transilvaniei?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-19T09:01:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/\"},\"wordCount\":1750,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1294406146bocbelavoiculescutariceanu-rpres-e1609755332954-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"bogatie\",\"capital\",\"desteptati\",\"desteptati-va\",\"istorie\",\"MOL\",\"ocupare\",\"Romania\",\"tara\",\"Transilvania\",\"Ungaria\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Dosare inedite\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/ocuparea-economica-a-transilvaniei\/\",\"name\":\"Ocuparea economic\u0103 a Transilvaniei? 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