{"id":4015,"date":"2021-04-19T09:44:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T09:44:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/desteptati.ro\/?p=4015"},"modified":"2022-01-18T22:47:54","modified_gmt":"2022-01-18T20:47:54","slug":"desovietizarea-romaniei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/desovietizarea-romaniei\/","title":{"rendered":"Desovietizarea Rom\u00e2niei"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>11 Minute, 45 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

\u00cen ciuda prevederilor Tratatului de la Var\u015fovia, care stipulau o consultare prealabil\u0103, \u00een timpul crizei de la Berlin, Kremlinul a mobilizat for\u0163ele armate rom\u00e2ne (\u015fi altele din Tratat) prin intermediul agen\u0163ilor loiali \u2013 mini\u015ftrii ap\u0103r\u0103rii \u015fi comandan\u0163ii recruta\u0163i de ofi\u0163eri sovietici \u015fi instrui\u0163i \u00een URSS \u2013 ceea ce indica clar dorin\u0163a \u015fi puterea lor de exercitare a presiunii asupra institu\u0163iilor coercitive c\u00e2nd \u015fi cum doreau. Aceast\u0103 ofens\u0103 se ad\u0103uga insultei de la Moscova, care ignora complet pozi\u0163ia lui Gheorghiu-Dej de a se opune construirii Zidului Berlinului.<\/h4>\n

Ca reac\u0163ie imediat\u0103, Bucure\u015ftiul a gr\u0103bit o demitere \u00een mas\u0103 a ofi\u0163erilor din armat\u0103 \u015fi serviciul de informa\u0163ii \u015fi a limitat radical folosirea modelelor institu\u0163ionalizate prin care se p\u0103stra influen\u0163a sovietic\u0103 \u00een cadrul celor dou\u0103 organiza\u0163ii. 1961 a fost ultimul an \u00een care DSS \u015fi-a trimis agen\u0163ii de informa\u0163ii la Institutul Felix Dzerjinsky (\u015fi programele aferente) din Moscova al KGB pentru instruire. Ofi\u0163erii DSS care urmaser\u0103 anterior cursurile de instruire KGB erau acum \u201cobliga\u0163i s\u0103 urmeze cursuri de reciclare \u00een \u0163ar\u0103.\u201d<\/h4>\n

Acest lucru a fost urmat rapid de o restric\u0163ie similar\u0103 \u00een cadrul armatei rom\u00e2ne, care a pus cap\u0103t instruirii ofi\u0163erilor superiori la institu\u0163iile militare sovietice. \u00cen schimb, ofi\u0163erii cehi \u015fi slovaci au urmat \u00een continuare cursurile academiilor \u015fi institutelor sovietice, p\u00e2n\u0103 la destr\u0103marea URSS \u2013 66 au absolvit \u00een vara anului 1991, al\u0163i 8 fiind nominaliza\u0163i pentru instruire \u00een 1992. Astfel, principala cale de p\u0103trundere a influen\u0163ei sovietice institu\u0163ionalizate \u00een cadrul institu\u0163iilor de aplicare a legilor statului a fost \u00eenchis\u0103, iar principalul instrument de control al sovieticilor a r\u0103mas la Moscova. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Albania, care era proscris\u0103, niciun alt membru al Tratatului de la Var\u015fovia nu ar fi luat o astfel de decizie definitiv\u0103, iar instruirea sovietic\u0103 a continuat s\u0103 fie o condi\u0163ie obligatorie pentru func\u0163iile \u00eenalte din armat\u0103, serviciile de securitate \u015fi de informa\u0163ii din Polonia, Germania de Est, Cehoslovacia, Ungaria \u015fi Bulgaria p\u00e2n\u0103 la c\u0103derea comunismului. Bucure\u015ftiul a trecut rapid de la restric\u0163ionarea oportunit\u0103\u0163ilor sovietice de recrutare a personalului s\u0103u din armat\u0103 \u015fi serviciul de informa\u0163ii p\u00e2n\u0103 la eliminarea surselor identificabile de influen\u0163\u0103 sovietic\u0103 din cadrul acestor servicii. Ofi\u0163erii DSS, \u015fi mai t\u00e2rziu cei din armat\u0103, care s-au \u00eentors de la cursurile de instruire cu so\u0163ii ruse\u015fti\/sovietice \u2013 toate p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-\u015fi cet\u0103\u0163enia sovietic\u0103 \u015fi leg\u0103turile secrete \u2013 aveau posibilitatea fie de a divor\u0163a de ele \u015fi de a le trimite \u00eenapoi, fie de a p\u0103r\u0103si serviciul.<\/h4>\n

Informa\u0163ii despre aceste restric\u0163ii au circulat prin toate \u0163\u0103rile semnatare ale Tratatului de la Var\u015fovia. Aceste m\u0103suri nu erau universale \u00een armat\u0103, nu se aplicau dac\u0103 so\u0163ia era de o alt\u0103 etnie dec\u00e2t cea rus\u0103, o deosebire care  era de altfel foarte semnificativ\u0103. Astfel, 20-30% dintre ofi\u0163erii de armat\u0103 din aceast\u0103 categorie au r\u0103mas s\u0103 activeze. \u00cen acest context, la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului 1961, Gheorghiu Dej declara public c\u0103 organele de securitate ale epocii staliniste \u2013 conduse \u015fi controlate cov\u00e2r\u015fitor de c\u0103tre ofi\u0163eri sovietici \u2013 \u201cnu erau controlate de conducerea Partidului.\u201d Aceste declara\u0163ii au fost f\u0103cute la plenara partidului din 28 noiembrie-5 decembrie 1961, prima \u00een care discursurile au fost publicate ulterior. \u201eSupravegherea \u015fi ascultarea de c\u0103tre organele de securitate fusese at\u00e2t de extins\u0103, a subliniat acesta, \u00eenc\u00e2t nici m\u0103car Secretarul General al CC al Partidului nu sc\u0103pase.\u201d<\/h4>\n

Viziuni diferite<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pe un alt front, Rom\u00e2nia a reac\u0163ionat sever la noile afirma\u0163ii potrivit c\u0103rora Armata Sovietic\u0103 eliberase Bucure\u015ftiul \u00een cel de Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, av\u00e2nd, \u00een mod surprinz\u0103tor, c\u00e2\u015ftig de cauz\u0103 prin recunoa\u015fterea punctului s\u0103u de vedere p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anilor 1970 \u00een publica\u0163iile istorice ale armatei sovietice. Toate \u0163\u0103rile care nu erau membre ale Blocului Sovietic au \u00eenceput s\u0103 abandoneze interpretarea istoric\u0103 ideologic\u0103 stalinist\u0103 pe la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anilor 1950. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, acest lucru a fost resim\u0163it puternic \u00eentruc\u00e2t aranjamentele \u015fi interesele comune sovieto-ungare i-au deformat istoriografia mai mult dec\u00e2t oricare alta, nu doar prin prezentarea panteonului de eroi na\u0163ionali ca \u015fi du\u015fmani ai poporului, ci chiar prin atacarea etnogenezei poporului rom\u00e2n.<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n
\"Armata<\/a>
Armata Sovietica marsaluind in Piata Rosie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Una dintre primele c\u0103r\u0163i ap\u0103rute sub noile reguli, From the History of Transylvania, a provocat un protest maghiar imediat \u2013 nu pentru c\u0103 vorbea r\u0103u despre unguri sau \u00eei prezenta ca pe ni\u015fte du\u015fmani, ci pentru c\u0103 sus\u0163inea continuitatea daco-roman\u0103 pe acest teritoriu. \u00cen martie 1961, directorul Editurilor Ministerului Culturii din Ungaria, B\u00e9la K\u00f6peczi, s-a pl\u00e2ns ata\u015fatului cultural rom\u00e2n de la Budapesta spun\u00e2nd c\u0103 aceast\u0103 carte \u201cnu ar fi trebuit s\u0103 apar\u0103\u201d deoarece are \u201co influen\u0163\u0103 negativ\u0103 asupra rela\u0163iilor rom\u00e2no-ungare\u201d \u015fi este \u201co manifestare a na\u0163ionalismului rom\u00e2nesc\u201d.<\/h4>\n

\u00cen general, cei cu care a discutat sunt de p\u0103rere c\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enii Republicii Populare Rom\u00e2nia degeaba irosesc energie \u015fi bani pentru a elucida probleme care sunt \u00eencheiate oricum. Noile rela\u0163ii dintre rom\u00e2ni \u015fi unguri consemneaz\u0103 situa\u0163ia de facto, fiind recunoscut faptul c\u0103 Transilvania apar\u0163ine poporului rom\u00e2n \u015fi se \u015ftie c\u0103 majoritatea popula\u0163iei din provincie este de origine rom\u00e2n\u0103. Nu mai este necesar ca istoricii \u015fi antropologii rom\u00e2ni s\u0103 \u201cpiard\u0103\u201d timp c\u0103ut\u00e2nd probe cu privire la na\u015fterea poporului rom\u00e2n \u015fi continuitatea popula\u0163iei daco-romane pe teritoriul Daciei.<\/h4>\n

R\u0103spunz\u00e2nd lui K\u00f6peczi, dup\u0103 ce observase c\u0103 lucrarea tratase \u00een special multe ne\u00een\u0163elegeri \u015fi prezenta noi descoperiri (\u00een special cea a unui ora\u015f dacic aproape de Or\u0103\u015ftie), ata\u015fatul roman a \u00eentrebat dac\u0103 \u201car fi mai bine ca afirma\u0163iile false ale unor istorici s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 cunoscute \u00een timp ce informa\u0163ii concrete care infirm\u0103 acele afirma\u0163ii s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eenchise \u00eentr-un sertar?\u201d Dup\u0103 ce a replicat c\u0103 \u201cniciun alt cercet\u0103tor \u00een afar\u0103 de rom\u00e2ni \u015fi unguri nu acord\u0103 prea mult\u0103 importan\u0163\u0103 acestor lucruri,\u201d K\u00f6peczi a criticat lucrarea \u201cpentru c\u0103 a uitat s\u0103 men\u0163ioneze tendin\u0163a permanent\u0103 a prin\u0163ilor din Transilvania \u2026de a realiza unificarea cu Ungaria.\u201d Nu mai avea niciun rost s\u0103 \u201cscoat\u0103 acum la iveal\u0103 probleme din trecutul \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u201d cu scopul de a descoperi probe care nu sunt necesare, din moment ce situa\u0163ia actual\u0103 a \u201crezolvat\u201d problema, a afirmat directorul Editurilor din Ungaria.<\/h4>\n

\u00cen afar\u0103 de contradic\u0163iile prezente \u00een reclama\u0163ia lui K\u00f6peczi, existau motive \u00eentemeiate care puneau la \u00eendoial\u0103 pozi\u0163ia sa. Sub conducerea lui atunci (\u015fi mai t\u00e2rziu c\u00e2nd era ministru al culturii), acelea\u015fi edituri au scos o serie de volume, care au culminat cu masiva oper\u0103 de trei volume din 1986 History of Transylvania, editat\u0103 chiar de K\u00f6peczi, a c\u0103rei tem\u0103 central\u0103 ataca ideea de continuitate daco-roman\u0103 \u015fi punctul de vedere rom\u00e2n asupra propriei lor etnogeneze. (Au fost preg\u0103tite edi\u0163ii \u00een francez\u0103 \u015fi englez\u0103 \u00een 1987 \u015fi 1994. Dintre co-editorii s\u0103i fac parte publicistul ungar al Ligii Revizioniste L\u00e1szlo M\u00e1kkai, acela\u015fi care a condus echipa de istorici ce a scos (\u00eempreun\u0103 cu Pal Teleki \u015fi Homar Balint \u00een calitate de editori) Siebenburgen \u00een 1940 pentru a convinge al Treilea Reich \u015fi Italia fascist\u0103 c\u0103 Ungariei ar trebui s\u0103 i se dea Transilvania, \u015fi Istoria Transilvaniei din 1944 pentru publicul francez \u015fi britanic. Un argument frecvent \u00een aceste opere, conform c\u0103ruia dovezile continuit\u0103\u0163ii daco-romane \u00een Transilvania sunt pu\u0163ine, tinde s\u0103 ignore faptul c\u0103 dovezile prezen\u0163ei lor \u00een alt\u0103 parte sunt la fel de pu\u0163ine.<\/h4>\n

Alungarea consultan\u0163ilor pe probleme de informa\u0163ii<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Conflictele dintre serviciile de informa\u0163ii au prins contur \u00een prima parte a anului 1962, atunci c\u00e2nd Gheorghiu-Dej a ordonat crearea unui mic \u201cnucleu\u201d de ofi\u0163eri de contraspionaj \u015fi contrainforma\u0163ii, care trebuiau s\u0103 descopere agen\u0163ii \u015fi re\u0163elele sovietice. Monitorizarea la nivel \u201cneoficial\u201d a \u00eenceput odat\u0103 cu retragerea trupelor sovietice \u00een 1958 \u015fi a fost prima alocare de personal \u015fi resurse destinate acestei activit\u0103\u0163i. Dup\u0103 cum observ\u0103 Troncot\u0103, munca lor era \u201cextrem de secret\u0103, nimeni, nici chiar ofi\u0163erii de la alte structuri de contraspionaj nu trebuia s\u0103 afle sau s\u0103 suspecteze cu ce se ocupau ei\u201d.) \u00cen timp ce \u201cnucleul\u201d, a c\u0103rui existen\u0163\u0103 a fost \u0163inut\u0103 secret\u0103 chiar \u015fi \u00een cadrul departamentului de contrainforma\u0163ii, \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015fura activitatea, Hru\u015fciov a efectuat o vizit\u0103 secret\u0103 la jum\u0103tatea anului 1962 \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 aduc\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia din nou pe linie. Liderul sovietic a descoperit chiar mai multe divergen\u0163e \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte colaborarea dintre institu\u0163ii \u015fi rela\u0163iile externe.<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n
\"Gheorghiu-Dej<\/a>
Gheorghiu-Dej si Ceausescu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00cen loc s\u0103-\u015fi retrag\u0103 sprijinul acordat Chinei \u015fi statelor balcanice recalcitrante, Gheorghiu Dej, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Emil Bodn\u0103ra\u015f \u015fi Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu, au avut o disput\u0103 cu liderul sovietic privind recrutarea de agen\u0163i de c\u0103tre KGB \u015fi GRU pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei. Liderul rom\u00e2n a explicat faptul c\u0103 dac\u0103  opera\u0163iunile lor de recrutare erau legale \u015fi justificate atunci c\u00e2nd victoriile socialiste ale Rom\u00e2niei erau amenin\u0163ate de c\u0103tre \u201creac\u0163ia\u201d \u00eentunecat\u0103 \u00een anii 1940 \u015fi 1950, \u00een situa\u0163ia actual\u0103, beneficiind de \u201cputerea poporului\u201d \u015fi de \u201corganismele de combatere a reac\u0163iilor\u201d care func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 corespunz\u0103tor, astfel de opera\u0163iuni \u015fi de structuri nu \u00ee\u015fi mai g\u0103sesc rostul<\/em><\/strong>. Hru\u015fciov a reac\u0163ionat cam \u00een aceea\u015fi manier\u0103 ca \u015fi \u00een 1955 \u015fi 1960, acuz\u00e2nd conducerea Rom\u00e2niei c\u0103 este \u201cira\u0163ional\u0103, egoist\u0103 \u015fi plin\u0103 de sine\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

D\u00e2ndu-\u015fi seama c\u0103 un progres \u00een acest domeniu ar trebui s\u0103 vin\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 de la sine dec\u00e2t \u00een urma unui acord mutual, Gheorghiu Dej a f\u0103cut o mutare rapid\u0103 dup\u0103 plecarea lui Hru\u015fciov, declar\u00e2nd \u00een fa\u0163a Comitetului Central c\u0103 \u201caceast\u0103 situa\u0163ie trebuie s\u0103 \u00eenceteze\u201d. Comportamentul ofi\u0163erilor de informa\u0163ii sovietici pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei, a ad\u0103ugat el, indicau preferin\u0163a Moscovei pentru o \u201crela\u0163ie \u00eentre st\u0103p\u00e2n \u015fi sclav\u201d. Una dintre cauzele \u201cdisputei (cu Tito) fusese exact aceasta \u2013 faptul c\u0103 poli\u0163ia politic\u0103 sovietic\u0103 insistase, \u00een ciuda protestelor iugoslave, s\u0103-\u015fi recruteze proprii agen\u0163i de pe terenul lui Tito <\/em>\u2026 \u2018\u00een toate cartierele, de la membrii Comitetului Central p\u00e2n\u0103 la func\u0163ionarii m\u0103run\u0163i din partid sau din aparatul de stat\u2019\u201d. Nu a mai durat mult p\u00e2n\u0103 la apari\u0163ia \u00een presa interna\u0163ional\u0103 a \u015ftirilor privind purificarea, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu criticile sovietice legate de \u201csemnele na\u0163ionalismului rom\u00e2nesc<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d Potrivit lui Ghi\u0163\u0103 Ionescu, Dej \u015fi o mare parte a echipei sale s-au angajat \u00een opera\u0163iunea de \u00eendep\u0103rtarea din aparat a oficialilor instrui\u0163i la Moscova\u2026acord\u00e2nd o aten\u0163ie special\u0103 aparatului de securitate.\u201d \u015eeful DSS \u015fi ministrul de interne Alexandru Dr\u0103ghici i-au informat pe consultan\u0163ii sovietici pe probleme de informa\u0163ii care r\u0103m\u0103seser\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia despre faptul c\u0103 prezen\u0163a lor \u201cnu mai era necesar\u0103\u201d \u015fi cu siguran\u0163\u0103 \u201cnu mai era cazul s\u0103 stea aici doar pentru a citi ziarele\u201d, fiind invita\u0163i s\u0103 se retrag\u0103. Potrivit relat\u0103rii lui Dr\u0103ghici:<\/h4>\n

\u2026consultantul sovietic m-a \u00eentrebat c\u00e2nd poate pleca. I-am r\u0103spuns c\u0103 poate s\u0103 plece chiar a doua zi. Mi-a spus c\u0103 va pleca doar cu permisiunea guvernului. I-am zis c\u0103 acesta era punctul nostru de vedere. A \u00eenceput s\u0103-mi spun\u0103 c\u0103 noi avem un du\u015fman comun \u015fi c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 ne unim for\u0163ele. I-am r\u0103spuns c\u0103 aceast\u0103 situa\u0163ie ar trebui s\u0103 se termine. Am ridicat problema \u00eencrederii reciproce \u015fi a unui alt tip de rela\u0163ie \u015fi l-am asigurat c\u0103 eram de acord s\u0103 cooper\u0103m cu ei. Subliniind faptul c\u0103 \u201caici consultan\u0163ii nu mai au nimic de f\u0103cut\u201d,<\/em><\/strong> Dr\u0103ghici a criticat \u201cimpertinen\u0163a lor uimitoare, nemai\u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103\u201d \u015fi a explicat faptul c\u0103 \u201ci-a prins c\u00e2nd \u00eencercau s\u0103 fure\u201d documente ale DSS din 18 cazuri separate \u015fi chiar \u201cau provocat pierderi de vie\u0163i omene\u015fti\u201d din r\u00e2ndul Serviciului rom\u00e2n.)<\/h4>\n

Abilitatea Rom\u00e2niei de a promova agenda sa \u00een acest domeniu era incontestabil sus\u0163inut\u0103 de implicarea Kremlinului \u00een confruntarea cu SUA din Cuba, precum \u015fi de faptul c\u0103 era doar unul dintre numeroasele dezacorduri sovieto-rom\u00e2ne. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, Bucure\u015ftiul \u00eencerca s\u0103 medieze conflictul chinezo-sovietic, cu toate c\u0103 acest lucru atr\u0103gea dezaprobarea Kremlinului. Sus\u0163inea deschis statele renegate ale blocului, Iugoslavia \u015fi Albania. Exista o disput\u0103 public\u0103 cu Moscova privind integrarea economic\u0103 transna\u0163ional\u0103. \u015ei se implica \u00eentr-o serie \u00eengrijor\u0103toare de comunica\u0163ii cu Washington, Bonn \u015fi Paris (\u00een principal pe probleme de cooperare economic\u0103). Indiciile potrivit c\u0103rora Rom\u00e2nia punea cap\u0103t leg\u0103turilor opera\u0163ionale de informa\u0163ii cu alte servicii ale Tratatului de la Var\u015fovia au atras aten\u0163ia Centrului KGB. \u00cen 1962, STASI a fost for\u0163at s\u0103 pun\u0103 punct unei opera\u0163iuni de r\u0103pire \u015fi execu\u0163ie a imigran\u0163ilor nomazi \u015fi a defectorilor, care se derula \u00eenc\u0103 din anii 1950, (Dosarul Balcanilor) deoarece Rom\u00e2nia refuza s\u0103 mai coopereze. (In acel moment, Dosarul Balcanilor avea 19 volume.) Moscova a reac\u0163ionat imediat. Sper\u00e2nd s\u0103 intimideze renega\u0163ii \u015fi s\u0103 mobilizeze o fac\u0163iune loial\u0103 Moscovei, Kremlinul a trimis un avertisment destul de explicit prin intermediul directorului KGB Vladimir Semiceastni, \u00een care \u00ee\u015fi exprima dezaprobarea fa\u0163\u0103 de omologul s\u0103u de la DSS. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, Hru\u015fciov le-a semnalat celorlal\u0163i lideri ai Blocului Sovietic prin scrisori personale faptul c\u0103 serviciile lor trebuiau s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi limiteze \u201cschimburile de informa\u0163ii cu rom\u00e2nii\u201d, interzic\u00e2ndu-le acestora s\u0103 dezv\u0103luie orice \u201cinforma\u0163ie detaliat\u0103 despre NATO\u201d sau partidele social-democrate europene \u015fi le-a ordonat s\u0103 \u201cnu le mai transmit\u0103 informa\u0163ii despre China \u015fi partidele \u015fi regimurile pro-chineze\u201d, select\u00e2nd Iugoslavia \u015fi Albania pentru interdic\u0163ie special\u0103. Hru\u015fciov l-a informat pe Novotni printr-o scrisoare personal\u0103, cer\u00e2ndu-i ca StB s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi limiteze schimbul de informa\u0163ii cu Bucure\u015ftiul p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u201co evaluare general\u0103 a Europei occidentale\u201d.) A\u015fa cum a remarcat un fost ofi\u0163er de informa\u0163ii din Tratat, dup\u0103 1962 cooperarea dintre Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi celelalte servicii din blocul Sovietic a \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u201cdegenereze p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd a ajuns \u00een punctul unor contacte oficiale, formale dar neproductive.\u201d<\/h4>\n

Unitatea speciala anti-KGB<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00cen prima jum\u0103tatea a anului 1963, \u00eentruc\u00e2t Moscova \u00eencerca s\u0103 \u201c\u00eempiedice\u201d procesul de eliberare a Rom\u00e2niei de sub mecanismele de control sovietice, Gheorghiu Dej a autorizat transformarea \u201cnucleului\u201d \u00eentr-o unitate mic\u0103 \u00een cadrul directoratului de contraspionaj. (Unitatea a fost condus\u0103 \u00een perioada 1963-1965 de c\u0103tre ofi\u0163erul de contraspionaj Aurel Mirce. Unele dintre opera\u0163iunile sale de la \u00eenceputul anilor 1960 sunt descrise \u00een memoriile fo\u015ftilor ofi\u0163eri de contrainforma\u0163ii. Colonelul Constantin Iosif, care l-a \u00eenlocuit pe Mirce \u00een 1965, a ocupat func\u0163ia p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1978, c\u00e2nd a fost descoperit ca fiind agent sovietic \u00een urma defect\u0103rii lui Pacepa.) Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 identificarea agen\u0163ilor \u015fi re\u0163elelor sovietice, aceasta era de asemenea responsabil\u0103 pentru combaterea activit\u0103\u0163ilor serviciilor de informa\u0163ii sovietice pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei. Cunoscut ini\u0163ial sub denumirea de \u201cBiroul \u0162\u0103rilor Socialiste\u201d, aceast\u0103 unitate a evoluat ulterior \u00eentr-o \u201cUnitate a Serviciilor de Informa\u0163ii socialiste\u201d (sau o unitate anti-KGB), devenind astfel principala \u0163int\u0103 a spionajului sovietic.<\/h4>\n

Unitatea era cunoscut\u0103 oficial doar prin denumirea sa de unitate militar\u0103 secret\u0103 (UM), UM 0920\/A din 1969 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1978, \u015fi UM 0110 dup\u0103 aceea.<\/h4>\n

Larry Watts, istoric american<\/em><\/h4>
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\u00cen ciuda prevederilor Tratatului de la Var\u015fovia, care stipulau o consultare prealabil\u0103, \u00een timpul crizei de la Berlin, Kremlinul aRead More<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2245,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[1390,168,1084,845,1391,1392,1393,59,60,1158,1394,1395,1239,783,1396,627,537,254,585,1397,179,522,543,788,1398,155,1399,397,170,1400,1401,281,1090],"class_list":["post-4015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hegemonia-sovietica","tag-anti-kgb","tag-armata","tag-armate","tag-bolsevism","tag-dekaghebizare","tag-demitere","tag-desovietizare","tag-desteptati","tag-desteptati-va","tag-dss","tag-epoca","tag-forte","tag-gheorghiu-dej","tag-gru","tag-hrusciov","tag-informatii","tag-kgb","tag-kremlin","tag-ofiteri","tag-recrutare","tag-romania","tag-securitate","tag-servicii","tag-sovietic","tag-speciala","tag-spionaj","tag-staliniste","tag-teritoriu","tag-tratat","tag-um-0110","tag-unitate","tag-urss","tag-varsovia"],"rise-blocks_total_comments":0,"rise-blocks_categories":[{"term_id":15,"name":"Hegemonia Sovietica","slug":"hegemonia-sovietica","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":15,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":8,"filter":"raw"}],"rise-blocks_excerpt":"\u00cen ciuda prevederilor Tratatului de la Var\u015fovia, care stipulau o consultare prealabil\u0103, \u00een timpul crizei de la Berlin, Kremlinul a mobilizat for\u0163ele armate rom\u00e2ne (\u015fi altele din Tratat) prin intermediul agen\u0163ilor loiali \u2013 mini\u015ftrii ap\u0103r\u0103rii \u015fi comandan\u0163ii recruta\u0163i de ofi\u0163eri sovietici \u015fi instrui\u0163i \u00een URSS \u2013 ceea ce indica clar dorin\u0163a \u015fi puterea lor de exercitare a presiunii asupra institu\u0163iilor..","yoast_head":"\r\nDesovietizarea Rom\u00e2niei -<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/desovietizarea-romaniei\/\" \/>\r\n<meta 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