{"id":4034,"date":"2021-04-19T10:06:11","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T10:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/desteptati.ro\/?p=4034"},"modified":"2022-01-17T23:52:56","modified_gmt":"2022-01-17T21:52:56","slug":"disputa-comunistilor-romani-cu-moscova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/disputa-comunistilor-romani-cu-moscova\/","title":{"rendered":"Disputa comuni\u0219tilor rom\u00e2ni cu Moscova"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>15 Minute, 1 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n

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Distan\u0163area de Moscova s-a manifestat cu deosebire \u00een refuzul de a accepta vederile sovietice \u00een a\u015fa-numita \u201ediviziune interna\u0163ional\u0103 socialist\u0103 a muncii\u201d, de fapt o specializare economic\u0103 a \u0163\u0103rilor din sfera de influen\u0163\u0103 sovietic\u0103, specializare controlata, se \u00een\u0163elege, de Moscova, preocupat\u0103 tot mai mult de succesele \u0163\u0103rilor vest-europeene membre ale Pie\u0163ei Comune. Invoc\u00e2nd principiul sovietic al rolului determinant al industriei grele \u00een dezvoltarea economiei socialiste, conducerea de la Bucure\u015fti a respins propunerile sovietice, sprijinite de Cehoslovacia \u015fi R.D. Germana, privind orientarea economiei rom\u00e2ne\u015fti cu prec\u0103dere spre dezvoltarea agriculturii, a industriei petroliere \u015fi \u00eengra\u015f\u0103mintelor. \u00centre Bucure\u015fti \u015fi Moscova a \u00eenceput o confruntare pe tema planific\u0103rii economice \u00een cadrul Consiliului de Ajutor Economic reciproc (CAER), ferm respins\u0103 de echipa lui Gheorghiu-Dej, care invoca tot mai des independen\u0163a \u015fi suveranitatea statelor socialiste, singurele \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 decid\u0103 asupra direc\u0163iilor de dezvoltare a economiei. \u201eCampionul\u201d noii doctrine rom\u00e2ne\u015fti de independen\u0163\u0103 economic\u0103 a fost Alexandru B\u00e2rl\u0103deanu, care, \u00een calitate de reprezentant al Rom\u00e2niei la C.A.E.R., a avut de \u00eenfruntat fulgerele sovietice.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen acest timp,  Gheorghiu-Dej \u015fi-a reafirmat orientarea din 1956. Dup\u0103 Congresul al XXII-lea al PCUS, unde N.S.Hru\u015fciov a reclamat campania de destalinizare (corpul \u00eembalsamat al lui Stalin a fost scos din mausoleul din Pia\u0163a Ro\u015fie), el a  organizat o plenar\u0103 a CC (30 noiembrie \u2013 5 decembrie 1961) \u00een care a fost din nou condamnat grupul Ana Pauker-Vasile Luca, ca exponent al practicilor staliniste. Vina de a nu se fi f\u0103cut o analiz\u0103 profund\u0103 a acestor practici \u00eenca din 1956 a fost pus\u0103 pe seama lui  Miron Constantinescu \u015fi Iosif Chi\u015finevschi, denun\u0163ati ca promotori \u015fi ap\u0103r\u0103tori ai \u201ecultului personalit\u0103\u0163ii\u201d. Din nou a fost elogiat\u0103 orientarea \u201ejust\u0103\u201d a \u201enucleului s\u0103n\u0103tos\u201d, adic\u0103 a grupului Gheorghiu-Dej, inocentat de \u00eensu\u015fi secretarul general \u015fi prezentat ca salvatorul partidului \u015fi al poporului. \u201eSub pretext de a convinge pe mijloca\u015fi de a-\u015fi \u00eendeplini obliga\u0163iile  fa\u0163\u0103 de stat- spunea Gheorghi-Dej despre grupul Ana Pauker – V. Luca \u00een \u015fedin\u0163a Biroului Politic de preg\u0103tire a plenarei-, porniser\u0103 pe calea represiunilor, la arest\u0103ri de a\u015fa-zi\u015fi chiaburi. Cea mai mare parte dintre cei aresta\u0163i \u00een perioada aceea au fost judeca\u0163i public. A reprezentat o provocare, o aventur\u0103. Pl\u00e2ngeau satele, vai \u015fi amar de noi ce-am ajuns, spuneau \u0163\u0103ranii [\u2026] . Este cea mai periculoas\u0103 aventur\u0103 \u00een care s-a lansat (sic!), cea mai mare provocare. Dup\u0103 ce i-am eliminat pe ei, am eliberat din \u00eenchisori zeci de mii de oameni nevinova\u0163i”.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"Gheorghe<\/a>
Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Gheorghiu-Dej „uit\u0103” c\u0103 dup\u0103 eliminarea Anei Pauker \u015fi a lui Vasile Luca , \u015fi chiar a lui Miron Constantinescu \u015fi Iosif Chi\u015finevschi, au continuat arest\u0103rile \u00een r\u00e2ndul \u0163\u0103ranilor. Octavian Roske, care a studiat desf\u0103\u015furarea colectiviz\u0103rii, consider\u0103 c\u0103 anii 1957-1962 au reprezentat „represiunea total\u0103”, asupra satelor ab\u0103t\u00e2ndu-se un val de teroare care a provocat \u015fi numeroase r\u0103scoale, care abia acum \u00eencep a fi mai bine cunoscute.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

„Liberalizarea intern\u0103 – luat\u0103 \u00een considerare \u00eenc\u0103 din 1956, ca mijloc de c\u00e2\u015ftigare a sprijinului popula\u0163iei \u00een vederea emancip\u0103rii de sub controlul sovietic – avea s\u0103 vin\u0103 odat\u0103 cu noua faz\u0103 a conflictului cu Moscova.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pretextul l-a oferit publicare \u00een revista Universit\u0103\u0163ii din Moscova a unui studiu semnat de E.B. Valev care propunea crearea unui complex economic interna\u0163ional (Rom\u00e2nia, Bulgaria \u015fi URSS), av\u00e2nd o suprafa\u0163\u0103 de 150 000 km\u00b2 \u015fi o popula\u0163ie de 12 milioane de locuitori. „Contribu\u0163ia” rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 urma s\u0103 fie cea mai important\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t ea reprezint\u0103 42% din teritoriul \u0163\u0103rii(inclusiv Capitala), 48% din popula\u0163ie, 54% din produc\u0163ia de ma\u015fini, 51% din produc\u0163ia chimic\u0103, 86% din produc\u0163ia de petrol. Planul Valev a fost denun\u0163at \u00een termeni viguro\u015fi \u00een revista „Via\u0163a economic\u0103”, fiind prezentat ca un atentat la independen\u0163a \u015fi integritatea Rom\u00e2niei.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen contextul favorabil creat de conflictul dintre Moscova \u015fi Beijing, PMR \u015fi-a afirmat pozi\u0163ia independent\u0103 \u00een \u201eDeclara\u0163ie cu privire la pozi\u0163ia Partidului Muncitoresc Rom\u00e2n \u00een problemele mi\u015fc\u0103rii comuniste \u015fi muncitore\u015fti interna\u0163ionale”, cunoscut\u0103 neoficial \u015fi sub numele \u201eDeclara\u0163ia de independen\u0163\u0103”. Pornind de la \u00eencerc\u0103rile de mediere ale PMR \u00een conflictul sovieto-chinez, Declara\u0163ia afirma dreptul la independen\u0163\u0103 al fiec\u0103rui partid comunist (muncitoresc), egalitatea \u00een drepturi a acestor partide \u015fi neamestecul \u00een afacerile interne, ca principiile de baz\u0103 ale rela\u0163iilor din cadrul mi\u015fc\u0103rii comuniste \u015fi muncitore\u015fti interna\u0163ionale.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Declara\u0163ia era \u00eencununarea unei politici \u00eencepute dup\u0103 moartea lui Stalin \u015fi .ea avea s\u0103 reprezinte temelia strategiei politice a PCR (denumire reluat\u0103 \u00een 1965) at\u00e2t \u00een rela\u0163iile cu URSS \u015fi partidele \u201efr\u0103\u0163e\u015fti”, c\u00e2t \u015fi cu celelalte state, fie \u201ecapitaliste” fie nealiniate.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Echilibristica politico-ideologic\u0103 a conducerii de la Bucure\u015fti \u00een a\u015fa-zisa mediere a disputei Moscova-Beijing a fost at\u00e2t de derutant\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t, la un moment dat, \u00een convorbirile rom\u00e2no-chineze din 3-10 martie 1964, Mao Zedong a exclamat: \u201eVede\u0163i, numai \u00een timp de un an de zile atitudinea dv. s-a schimbat. Ce sunte\u0163i dv, curent de st\u00e2nga, de mijloc sau de dreapta, sunte\u0163i dogmatici sau revizioni\u015fti, ori adopta\u0163i o atitudine de mijloc?” Comuni\u015ftilor rom\u00e2ni le era greu s\u0103 dea un r\u0103spuns precis: nici ei nu \u015ftiau pe ce pozi\u0163ie ideologic\u0103 se afl\u0103. Urm\u0103reau un singur \u0163el: s\u0103 scape de tutela sovietic\u0103, amenin\u0163\u0103toare pentru pozi\u0163ia lor de elit\u0103 conduc\u0103toare. \u015etiau c\u0103, at\u00e2t timp c\u00e2t deciziile se iau la Kremlin \u015fi nu la Bucure\u015fti, ei nu aveau nici o certitudine \u00een privin\u0163a statutului lor de lideri. R\u0103spunsul lui N. Ceau\u015fescu la \u00eentrebarea lui Mao: \u201eNoi suntem marxist-lenini\u015fti” se \u00eenscria \u00een automatismele \u201elimbajului de lemn”. Nu era vorba de un ata\u015fament fa\u0163\u0103 de ideologia comunist\u0103, ci de ata\u015famentul – de o mie de ori mai puternic \u2014 de putere.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Gheorghe Haupt, care are meritul de a fi analizat cel mai profund geneza conflictului rom\u00e2no-sovietic, crede c\u0103 la originea politicii de independen\u0163\u0103 a conducerii de la Bucure\u015fti s-au aflat interese economice: \u201ePrin ap\u0103rarea politicii sale economice, a intereselor sale economice – scrie el -, conducerea partidului rom\u00e2n a devenit con\u015ftient\u0103 de interesele na\u0163ionale \u015fi a fost \u00eempins\u0103 s\u0103 se angajeze pe calea independen\u0163ei economice \u015fi, \u00een consecin\u0163\u0103, politice, \u00een raport cu Uniunea Sovietic\u0103”. \u00cen realitate, credem noi, originea conflictului este de caracter politic: refuzul lui Gheorghiu-Dej de a se conforma orient\u0103rii antistaliniste a lui Hru\u015fciov \u015fi ansamblul de m\u0103suri destinate s\u0103-1 pun\u0103 la ad\u0103post de \u00eencerc\u0103rile Kremlinului de a-1 \u00eenlocui. Nu prin ap\u0103rarea intereselor economice a \u201edescoperit” echipa lui Gheor\u00adghiu-Dej politica de independen\u0163\u0103, ci prin lupta \u00eenver\u015funat\u0103 pentru p\u0103strarea puterii.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a face fa\u0163\u0103 eventualelor \u00eencerc\u0103ri sovietice de r\u0103sturnare a echipei lui Dej, ea avea nevoie de sprijin intern \u015fi extern.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Imediat dup\u0103 publicarea \u201eDeclara\u0163iei din aprilie”, a \u00eenceput o campanie de \u201eprelucr\u0103ri” ale documentului \u00een organiza\u0163iile de partid, unde celor prezen\u0163i li se \u201edezv\u0103luiau” fapte \u015fi date care dovedeau c\u0103 Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lcase \u201egrosolan” independen\u0163a Rom\u00e2niei, c\u0103 \u00eei exploatase nemilos resursele, prin Sovromuri, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, \u015fi c\u0103 \u00eentreaga ei politic\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de Rom\u00e2nia nu fusese dec\u00e2t o continuare a celei practicate de Rusia \u0163arist\u0103.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Astfel, la \u015fedin\u0163ele comitetelor de partid din direc\u0163iile regionale ale Ministerului Afacerilor Interne, Al. Dr\u0103ghici a prezentat date despre activitatea agenturii sovietice pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei. Ar\u0103t\u00e2nd c\u0103 prezen\u0163a agen\u0163ilor sovietici \u00eenainte de 23 august 1944 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia era \u00eendrept\u0103\u0163it\u0103, el a spus: \u201eDup\u0103 23 august 1944, o asemenea m\u0103sur\u0103 nu mai era justificat\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a fost instaurat\u0103 dictatura proletariatului, sub conducerea partidului; \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 state ar li trebuit s\u0103 existe rela\u0163ii de prietenie, bazate pe \u00eencredere reciproc\u0103 etc. Ce-au f\u0103cut \u00eens\u0103 sovieticii? Reactivarea vechii agenturi, comple\u00adtarea cu noi recrut\u0103ri; au fost speculate sentimentele fa\u0163\u0103 de URSS \u015fi educa\u0163ia f\u0103cut\u0103 de partidul nostru; noi credeam \u00een declara\u0163iile ce ni le f\u0103ceau despre prietenie, sinceritate, \u00een timp ce ei ne lucrau cu agentur\u0103 etc.” Invoc\u00e2nd un text al lui Marx despre inten\u0163ia Rusiei de a lua \u00een st\u0103p\u00e2nire Moldova \u015fi \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 dup\u0103 pacea de la Adrianopol (1829), Al. Dr\u0103ghici conchidea: \u201eDin datele pe care le de\u0163inem, rezult\u0103 c\u0103 acest \u00abvis de veacuri\u00bb al Rusiei \u0163ariste se manifest\u0103 \u00een prezent din partea URSS”.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Organizatorii acestor \u015fedin\u0163e nu-\u015fi f\u0103ceau nici o iluzie \u00een privin\u0163a p\u0103str\u0103rii \u201esecretului de partid”; doreau chiar ca \u201escurgerile” s\u0103 fie c\u00e2t mai numeroase \u015fi c\u00e2t mai ample. A\u015fa a \u015fi fost, astfel c\u0103, \u00een scurt timp, \u00eentreaga \u0163ar\u0103 \u015ftia de inform\u0103rile f\u0103cute \u00een \u015fedin\u0163ele \u00eenchise. Reac\u0163ia a fost favorabil\u0103. Oameni cu atitudini anticomuniste aclamau noua orientare \u015fi considerau c\u0103 partidul comunist se integreaz\u0103, prin politica de independen\u0163\u0103, unei tradi\u0163ii na\u0163ionale.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen acela\u015fi timp, por\u0163ile \u00eenchisorilor au \u00eenceput s\u0103 se deschid\u0103, oamenii politici \u201eburghezi” – c\u00e2\u0163i mai supravie\u0163uiser\u0103 – f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-\u015fi reapari\u0163ia \u015fi confirm\u00e2nd prin eliberarea lor c\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia se schim\u00adbase ceva.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u201eUmanizarea” regimului prin punerea \u00een libertate a de\u0163inu\u0163ilor politici \u015fi criticile aduse URSS au declan\u015fat un curent de popularitate pentru Putere. El a fost sporit prin publicarea volumului lui K. Marx, \u00censemn\u0103ri despre rom\u00e2ni (manuscrise inedite), <\/em>editori acad. A. O\u0163etea \u015fi S. Schwann (un profesor polonez care le descoperise \u00een arhiva<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Institutului Interna\u0163ional de Istorie Social\u0103 din Amsterdam), textul – foarte greu de restituit – fiind transcris de Cornelia Bodea. Ceea ce marele public a re\u0163inut cu prec\u0103dere din aceste \u00eensemn\u0103ri au fost formul\u0103rile dure ale lui Marx la adresa politicii \u015fi atitudinii Rusiei fa\u0163\u0103 de Principatele rom\u00e2ne \u015fi, \u00eendeosebi, la adresa anex\u0103rii Basarabiei \u00een 1812, considerat\u0103 ca fiind lipsit\u0103 de orice temei de drept interna\u0163ional, \u00eentruc\u00e2t – spunea Marx – Poarta nu avea dreptul – dat fiind statutul lor de autonomie – s\u0103 cedeze p\u0103r\u0163i din teritoriul Principatelor rom\u00e2ne.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Gesturile de independen\u0163\u0103 ale conducerii de la Bucure\u015fti provocau o iritare sporit\u0103 la Moscova. Hru\u015fciov avea un profund dispre\u0163 fa\u0163\u0103 de rom\u00e2ni: „Ace\u015fti << mamaliciniki>> (m\u0103m\u0103ligari – n.n.) nu sunt o na\u0163iune, ci o curv\u0103”, exclamase el, \u00een 1960, \u00een fa\u0163a colaboratorilor s\u0103i sovietici pe c\u00e2nd c\u0103l\u0103torea pe vasul „Baltica” , \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Gheorghiu-Dej, Jivkov \u015fi Kadar, pentru a participa la sesiunea ONU de la New York. Potrivit m\u0103rturisirii lui Arkadi N. \u015eevcenko, el spusese anturajului s\u0103u c\u0103 liderul roman „nu era, \u00een general, un comunist r\u0103u, dar \u00een calitate de conduc\u0103tor nu avea for\u0163\u0103, era prea pasiv. El (Hru\u015fciov – n.n. ) ad\u0103ugase c\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi chiar \u00een r\u00e2ndurile partidului comunist se dezvoltaser\u0103 atitudini pernicioase na\u0163ionaliste \u015fi antisovietice care trebuiau retezate de la r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103”.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Cu prilejul unei vizite \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, Hru\u015fciov \u00ee\u015fi manifestase nemul\u0163umirea fa\u0163\u0103 de liderii rom\u00e2ni, admonesta\u0163i \u00een public – la un miting – pentru a nu fi valorificat experien\u0163a sovietic\u0103 \u00een materie de sem\u0103nat porumb la p\u0103trat!<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Mai iritat a fost liderul sovietic de c\u0103l\u0103toria \u00een China a unei delega\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne\u015fti condus\u0103 de I. Gh. Maurer. Moscova nu era dispus\u0103 s\u0103 permit\u0103 sateli\u0163ilor ei s\u0103 se erijeze \u00een mediatori \u00een conflicte ce o opuneau unei alte mari puteri.Mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, delega\u0163ia rom\u00e2n\u0103 purtase discu\u0163ii care trezeau aprehensiunile Moscovei, a\u015fa cum rezult\u0103 din amintirile lui Hru\u015fciov, care s-a \u00eent\u00e2lnit cu delega\u0163ia rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een drum spre Bucure\u015fti (vizita \u00een China a avut loc \u00een martie 1964). De\u015fi delega\u0163ia rom\u00e2n\u0103 s-a str\u0103duit s\u0103 lase impresia unei totale impar\u0163ialit\u0103\u0163i \u00een disputa sovieto-chinez\u0103, Hru\u015fciov a sesizat o nuan\u0163\u0103 \u00eengrijor\u0103toare: „<<Chinezii ne-au spus c\u0103 dvs. ne-a\u0163i luat Basarabia>>, au spus rom\u00e2nii. <<Nu aveam ce face, dec\u00e2t s\u0103 ascult\u0103m, de\u015fi, evident, nu ne mai trebuie Basarabia>>. Astfel – continu\u0103 Hru\u015fciov – rom\u00e2nii ne-au repetat ce auziser\u0103 de la chinezi – dar nu au exprimat dezacordul lor cu ceea ce chinezii le spuseser\u0103 despre BASARABIA<\/em> (subl. Hru\u015fciov – n-n- ). Aceast\u0103 conversa\u0163ie ne-a l\u0103sat un gust amar. Am \u00eenceput s\u0103 suspect\u0103m c\u0103, poate, rom\u00e2nii ne \u0163ineau de r\u0103u pentru c\u0103, dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi, ne restituiser\u0103 Basarabia”.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In stenograma p\u0103r\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne a discu\u0163iei din 15 martie 1964, Hru\u015fciov spune: „S\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m de pild\u0103 Basarabia. Eu cred c\u0103 nu trebuie s\u0103 discut\u0103m aceast\u0103 chestiune. Atunci \u00een t\u0103rile socialiste ar trebui s\u0103 se fac\u0103 un plebiscit. Dac\u0103 rom\u00e2nii ar ridica aceast\u0103 problem\u0103, eu personal a\u015f fi pentru plebiscite \u015fi s\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m popoarele s\u0103 hot\u0103rasc\u0103 unde vor s\u0103 apar\u0163in\u0103. Numai c\u0103 aceste probleme se ridic\u0103 \u015fi pentru alte \u0163\u0103ri. De exemplu, grani\u0163a cu Polonia. Numai s\u0103 se pun\u0103 o asemenea problem\u0103, \u015fi imediat ucrainenii \u015fi bieloru\u015fii se vor ridica \u015fi ei”. \u015ei apoi un avertisment voalat: ” Grani\u0163a Rom\u00e2niei cu Ungaria; sunt multe probleme care apar \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu aceasta”.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit defectorului cehoslovac, generalul Jan Sejna, \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eenainte  de „Declara\u0163ia din aprilie” Moscova avea \u00eendoieli \u00een privin\u0163a lui I.GH.Maurer, pe care \u00eel suspecta de a fi agent chinez! „\u00cen 1962 – scrie Sejna \u00een memoriile sale -, Novotn\u00fd (conduc\u0103torul comunist  al Cehoslovaciei-n.n.) a primit o scrisoare de la Hru\u015fciov, care \u00eei cerea s\u0103 limiteze schimburile noastre de informa\u0163ii ob\u0163inute prin spionaj cu rom\u00e2nii. Urma s\u0103 nu le mai transmitem nici o informa\u0163ie despre China \u015fi partidele \u015fi regimurile prochineze. Alte subiecte interzise erau informa\u0163iile de ordin politic despre diverse partide social-democrate, nimic despre Iugoslavia \u015fi Albania \u015fi date secrete am\u0103nun\u0163ite despre NATO. Trebuia s\u0103 ne m\u0103rginim la aprecieri generale asupra situa\u0163iei politice \u015fi militare din Europa Occidental\u0103”.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen chip firesc – s-ar putea spune -, conducerea rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi-a \u00eendreptat privirile spre Paris. Generalul Charles de Gaulle ducea – evident, \u00een alt cadru \u015fi cu alte mijloace – o politic\u0103 de independen\u0163\u0103, \u00een \u00een\u0163elesul scoaterii Fran\u0163ei de sub tutela american\u0103. Partizan al „Europei de la Atlantic la Ural”, el \u00eencerca s\u0103 elimine divizarea continentului European \u00een blocuri militare, \u015fi trebuia s\u0103 sprijine – cel pu\u0163in \u00een principiu – o politic\u0103 simetric\u0103, \u00een fond, cu a sa \u00een Pactul de la Var\u015fovia.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Acela\u015fi general Sejna  sus\u0163ine c\u0103 serviciile de spionaj sovietic \u015fi cehoslovac ob\u0163inuser\u0103 informa\u0163ii despre con\u0163inutul discu\u0163iilor dintre de Gaulle \u015fi Maurer, cu prilejul vizitei acestuia la Paris (27-31 iulie 1964). „Maurer a sus\u0163inut – scrie Sejna – c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia dorea s\u0103-\u015fi urmeze propriul curs na\u0163ional, dar nu putea p\u0103r\u0103si deocamdat\u0103 CAER din cauz\u0103 c\u0103 economia ei era prea str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de el. \u00centre timp, ea era hot\u0103r\u00e2t\u0103 s\u0103-\u015fi diversifice economia \u015fi s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 rela\u0163ii mai str\u00e2nse cu Occidentul”.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit aceleea\u015fi  surse, ” de Gaulle l-a asigurat pe Maurer c\u0103 Fran\u0163a va ajuta Rom\u00e2nia s\u0103-\u015fi consolideze independen\u0163a \u015fi-i va da ajutor economic \u015fi politic. El era gata s\u0103 sus\u0163in\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia dac\u0103 ar fi solicitat s\u0103 devin\u0103 membru asociat al Comunit\u0103\u0163ii Economice Europeene \u015fi Fran\u0163a i-ar fi acordat asisten\u0163\u0103 dac\u0103 ea ar fi fost izolat\u0103 \u00een blocul comunist […] De Gaulle a mers chiar mai departe : el a sugerat c\u0103 Fran\u0163a putea s\u0103 devin\u0103 o surs\u0103 alternativ\u0103 de arme pentru Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi o va ajuta dac\u0103 ar fi invadat\u0103 de trupele Pactului de la Var\u015fovia”.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Afirma\u0163iile \u015fi promisiunile generalului de Gaulle au produs o vie iritare la Moscova, de \u00eendat\u0103 ce ele au fost cunoscute, gra\u0163ie spionajului sovietic. Sejna spune c\u0103 reac\u0163ia mare\u015falului R. I. Malinovski, ministrul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii, este „de netip\u0103rit”. Mare\u015falul a mai spus : „Dac\u0103 de Gaulle \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103-\u015fi \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 promisiunea, noi vom \u015fti \u00eenainte ca ordinele sale s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la comandantul armatei franceze”. La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, \u00een august 1964, Hru\u015fciov a spus liderilor comuni\u015fti cehoslovaci c\u0103 „puteau fi tolerate \u00eencerc\u0103rile Rom\u00e2niei de a deveni independent\u0103 pe plan economic de CAER, dar daca ei ( rom\u00e2nii-n.n.) sunt at\u00e2t de orbi \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00eencerce s\u0103 ias\u0103 din Pactul de la Var\u015fovia, atunci solda\u0163ii no\u015ftri \u015fi nu de Gaulle vor avea ultimul cuv\u00e2nt”, \u015fi cum Novotn\u00fd spusese c\u0103 „nu ar fi r\u0103u” dac\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia ar fi exclus\u0103 din Pactul de la Var\u015fovia, Hru\u015fciov a replicat furios:” Sunte\u0163i total \u015fi cumplit de gre\u015fit. Este exact ceea ce liderii rom\u00e2ni doresc. \u00centreaga situa\u0163ie din Balcani ar deveni de necontrolat. Este o obliga\u0163ie a partidului (sovietic – n.n.) s\u0103 \u00eempiedice Rom\u0103nia s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 Pactul \u015fi s\u0103 reuneasc\u0103 Iugoslavia \u015fi Albania cu familia sovietic\u0103”.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Din datele de care dispunem ast\u0103zi reiese ca Gheorghiu-Dej \u00eel desemnase ca succesor pe Gheorghe Apostol, dup\u0103 ce I. Gh. Maurer refuzase s\u0103 preia el func\u0163ia de prim-secretar, invoc\u00e2nd pe bun\u0103 dreptate, c\u0103 un intelectual nu avea putin\u0163a s\u0103 se men\u0163in\u0103 \u00een fruntea unui partid \u201cmuncitoresc\u201d  ( de fapt, cu o tradi\u0163ie antiintelectual\u0103).<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen aranjarea \u201cjocurilor\u201d succesiunii, m\u00e2nuitorul \u201csforilor\u201d a fost I. Gh. Maurer, care a izbutit s\u0103-l impun\u0103 pe Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu, de\u015fi avea o proast\u0103 p\u0103rere despre capacit\u0103\u0163ile sale profesionale; cu pu\u0163in timp \u00eenainte de moartea lui Gheorghiu-Dej, el \u00eei spusese lui Alexandru B\u00e2rl\u0103deanu : \u201c\u00cel aducem pe Ceau\u015fescu la guvern (Maurer era prim-ministru – n.n. ) \u015fi-i d\u0103m un minister, poate chiar Ministerul Agriculturii, ca s\u0103 \u00eenve\u0163e ceva. Nu se pricepe la  nimic.\u201d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Fostul premier \u015fi-a explicat el \u00eensu\u015fi alegerea. A f\u0103cut-o, de fapt, pentru a-\u015fi asigura supravie\u0163uirea politic\u0103. Maurer se identificase cu politica de independen\u0163\u0103 \u015fi cu orientarea \u201cantisovietic\u0103\u201d (de fapt, de ie\u015fire de sub controlul Moscovei). Dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 nu era continuat\u0103, cariera lui Maurer era \u00eencheiat\u0103, mai ales ca el era \u00een conducere \u201comul lui Dej\u201d. Dintre membrii Biroului Politic singurul care \u00eei  ap\u0103rea lui Maurer \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 continue politica de independen\u0163\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 \u0163in\u0103 piept Moscovei era Ceau\u015fescu. De ce? Fiindc\u0103 fusese singurul care \u00eei luase ap\u0103rarea c\u00e2nd Hru\u015fciov \u00eel atacase direct. Calculul lui Maurer era determinat, prioritar, de considerente de carier\u0103 politic\u0103 \u015fi numai dup\u0103 aceea de interesul na\u0163ional.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Folosind diviziunile \u015fi rivalit\u0103\u0163ile din Biroul Politic, Maurer, sprijinit de Bodn\u0103ra\u015f, al\u0103turat liniei na\u0163ionale, \u015fi de Alexandru Dr\u0103ghici, pe atunci \u00een bune rela\u0163ii personale cu Ceau\u015fescu, l-a propus pe acesta din urm\u0103.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

S-a afirmat c\u0103 cei care l-au sprijinit pe Ceau\u015fescu – Maurer, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd \u2013 au f\u0103cut-o cu g\u00e2ndul c\u0103 ar putea fi u\u015for de dominat. Este pu\u0163in probabil ca cineva din echipa de conducere putea s\u0103 se \u00een\u015fele at\u00e2t de profund asupra noului lider. Prin func\u0163iile pe care le de\u0163inuse ( mai ales ca secretar cu probleme organizatorice, adic\u0103 al doilea dup\u0103 primul-secretar !) el c\u0103p\u0103tase o foarte bogat\u0103 experien\u0163\u0103 \u00een seraiul partidului, iar prin lu\u0103rile de pozi\u0163ie \u00een Biroul Politic se v\u0103zuse c\u0103 nu era omul care s\u0103 se lase manevrat. Maurer l-a sprijinit pe Ceau\u015fescu nu pentru c\u0103 spera s\u0103-l conduc\u0103 el, ci pentru c\u0103 era convins c\u0103 va ap\u0103ra energic orientarea formulat\u0103 \u00een \u201cDeclara\u0163ia din aprilie\u201d.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Material preluat din „O istorie sincera a poporului roman”, Florin Constantin, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, Bucuresti 2008<\/em><\/h4>\n
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  Distan\u0163area de Moscova s-a manifestat cu deosebire \u00een refuzul de a accepta vederile sovietice \u00een a\u015fa-numita \u201ediviziune interna\u0163ional\u0103 socialist\u0103Read More<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[1403,590,1434,59,60,1435,262,1436,602,395,179,274],"class_list":["post-4034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hegemonia-sovietica","tag-caer","tag-cc","tag-comunisti","tag-desteptati","tag-desteptati-va","tag-gherghiu-dej","tag-moscova","tag-pcus","tag-pmr","tag-romani","tag-romania","tag-stalin"],"rise-blocks_total_comments":0,"rise-blocks_categories":[{"term_id":15,"name":"Hegemonia Sovietica","slug":"hegemonia-sovietica","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":15,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":8,"filter":"raw"}],"rise-blocks_excerpt":"  Distan\u0163area de Moscova s-a manifestat cu deosebire \u00een refuzul de a accepta vederile sovietice \u00een a\u015fa-numita \u201ediviziune interna\u0163ional\u0103 socialist\u0103 a muncii\u201d, de fapt o specializare economic\u0103 a \u0163\u0103rilor din sfera de influen\u0163\u0103 sovietic\u0103, specializare controlata, se \u00een\u0163elege, de Moscova, preocupat\u0103 tot mai mult de succesele \u0163\u0103rilor vest-europeene membre ale Pie\u0163ei Comune. Invoc\u00e2nd principiul sovietic al rolului determinant al industriei..","yoast_head":"\r\nDisputa comuni\u0219tilor rom\u00e2ni cu Moscova -<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/disputa-comunistilor-romani-cu-moscova\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disputa comuni\u0219tilor rom\u00e2ni cu Moscova -\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  Distan\u0163area de Moscova s-a manifestat cu deosebire \u00een refuzul de a accepta vederile sovietice \u00een a\u015fa-numita \u201ediviziune interna\u0163ional\u0103 socialist\u0103Read More\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/19\/disputa-comunistilor-romani-cu-moscova\/\" 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