{"id":4294,"date":"2021-04-20T08:08:28","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T08:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/desteptati.ro\/?p=4294"},"modified":"2022-01-18T22:20:09","modified_gmt":"2022-01-18T20:20:09","slug":"inceputurile-lui-ceausescu-si-iritarea-moscovei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/20\/inceputurile-lui-ceausescu-si-iritarea-moscovei\/","title":{"rendered":"Inceputurile lui Ceausescu \u015fi iritarea Moscovei"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>6 Minute, 24 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

A\u015fa cum eroul lui Rebreanu era obsedat de st\u0103p\u00e2nirea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, recurg\u00e2nd la mijloacele primitive \u015fi brutale pentru a-l dob\u00e2ndi, tot astfel Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu a fost un obsedat al independen\u0163ei, sf\u00e2r\u015find prin a face din ea un \u0163el.<\/h4>\n

Atunci, \u00eens\u0103, la preluarea puterii, Ceau\u015fescu era hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 mearg\u0103 mult mai departe dec\u00e2t predecesorul s\u0103u \u00een distan\u0163area de Moscova. De la prima vizit\u0103 la Moscova (3-11 septembrie 1965), spre surprinderea gazdelor, care se a\u015fteptau cel mult la o reluare r\u0103spicat\u0103 a tezelor „Declara\u0163ia din aprilie”, Ceau\u015fescu a cerut restituirea tezaurului dus la Moscova \u00een 1916-1917 ( \u00een cadrul delega\u0163iei rom\u00e2ne, cel desemnat s\u0103 pun\u0103 aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 a fost Alexandru B\u00e2rl\u0103deanu) \u015fi a reamintit lui Brejnev \u015fi celorlal\u0163i lideri sovietici de angajamentul lui Lenin de a restitui poporului rom\u00e2n tezaurul confiscat, \u00eendat\u0103 ce „oligarhia” va fi fost \u00eenl\u0103turat\u0103 de la putere.<\/h4>\n

\u00cen anul urm\u0103tor, Ceau\u015fescu a pus \u00een discu\u0163ie \u00eens\u0103\u015fi structura militar\u0103 a Pactului de la Var\u015fovia. Potrivit m\u0103rturiei generalului Sejna, Rom\u00e2nia a f\u0103cut urm\u0103toarele propuneri: „mai \u00eent\u00e2i, stabilirea unui Comandament al Pactului de la Var\u015fovia, separat de \u00cenaltul Comandament Sovietic, \u00een care s\u0103 lucreze echipe din fiecare \u0163ar\u0103; \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd, ei (rom\u00e2nii-n.n.) au sugerat ca func\u0163ia de comandant \u015fi cea de \u015fef al statului major al Pactului s\u0103 fie subordonate Comitetului Politic al Pactului; \u00een al treilea r\u00e2nd, dac\u0103 to\u0163i membrii trebuiau s\u0103 contribuie cu contingente la for\u0163ele Pactului , fiecare na\u0163iune urma s\u0103 aib\u0103 dreptul de a re\u0163ine o parte din for\u0163ele sale sub propria comand\u0103 intern\u0103”. Evident, propunerile rom\u00e2ne\u015fti au fost ignorate de Moscova, dar, formal, ea a regizat o contrapropunere ungaro-cehoslovac\u0103, destinat\u0103 s\u0103 dea aparen\u0163a unei particip\u0103ri mai importante a fiec\u0103rui membru al Pactului.<\/h4>\n

Individualizarea  Rom\u00e2niei \u00een cadrul blocului sovietic s-a conturat \u015fi mai viguros \u00een 1967, prin dou\u0103 demersuri care au plasat-o \u00een centrul aten\u0163iei interna\u0163ionale. Primul a fost refuzul de a se conforma consemnului Moscovei – urmat de toate celelalte \u0163\u0103ri ale Pactului de la Var\u015fovia- de a rupe rela\u0163iile diplomatice cu Israelul \u00een urma celui de al treilea r\u0103zboi israelo-arab („R\u0103zboiul de \u015fase zile” din iunie 1967). Cel de al doilea a fost recunoa\u015fterea RFG \u015fi vizita lui Willy Brandt, pe atunci vicecancelar \u015fi ministru de Externe, \u00een Rom\u00e2nia (3-7 august), \u00een timp ce \u0163\u0103rile-satelit ale Moscovei nu recuno\u015fteau dec\u00e2t RDG.<\/h4>\n

Raporturile cu Israelul \u015fi RFG au f\u0103cut din Rom\u00e2nia un maverick (termen \u00een engleza american\u0103 desemn\u00e2nd  o persoan\u0103 independent\u0103 de forma\u0163iunile politice) al blocului sovietic \u015fi au atras tot mai st\u0103ruitor privirile capitalelor occidentale asupra Rom\u00e2niei.<\/h4>\n

Mai pu\u0163in spectaculoase, dar tot at\u00e2t de importante, au fost progresele intervenite \u00een raporturile rom\u00e2no-americane . \u00cen timp ce fostul vicepre\u015fedinte al SUA, Richard Nixon, fusese tratat cu ostentativ\u0103 nep\u0103sare la Moscova, fiind considerat un exponent al antisovietismului, Ceau\u015fescu l-a primit la Bucure\u015fti cu toate onorurile, ceea ce va avea consecin\u0163e \u00eensemnate doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu.<\/h4>\n

Mai important\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 a fost \u00eent\u00e2lnirea dintre pre\u015fedintele SUA, Lyndon Johnson, \u015fi primul-ministru I. Gh. Maurer (26 iunie 1967), desf\u0103\u015furat\u0103 \u00eentr-un climat de perfect\u0103 \u00een\u0163egere. \u00cenainte de \u00eent\u00e2lnire, consilierul pre\u015fedintelui pentru securitate na\u0163ional\u0103 caracterizase politica extern\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei drept „exceedingly independent of Moscow”<\/em> (extrem de independent\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de Moscova), iar pe premierul rom\u00e2n drept un „off-beat communist leader”<\/em> (conduc\u0103tor comunist neobi\u015fnuit). \u015ei Johnson, \u015fi Maurer erau naturi grosolane  )”rustic”, \u00eel caracterizeaz\u0103 Herv\u00e9 Alphand, secretar general al Quai d’Orsay, pe premierul rom\u00e2n ), ceea ce facilita comunicarea \u00eentre ei.<\/h4>\n

Premierul rom\u00e2n a explicat c\u0103 \u00eentre politica de independen\u0163\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei \u015fi rezolvarea problemei vietnameze exist\u0103 o str\u00e2ns\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103: „Situa\u0163ia creat\u0103 \u00een Vietnam – se arat\u0103 \u00een stenograma american\u0103 – reprezint\u0103 un factor de pericol, despre care Ion Gheorghe Maurer simte c\u0103 ar putea d\u0103una dorin\u0163ei Rom\u00e2niei de libertate \u015fi independen\u0163\u0103 \u201cTensiunea, \u00een orice parte a lumii, creeaz\u0103  dificult\u0103\u0163i pentru \u0163\u0103rile mici, \u015fi posibilit\u0103\u0163ile de a realiza independen\u0163a sunt tot mai restr\u00e2nse”. Voin\u0163a Rom\u00e2niei de a se emancipa de sub tutela sovietic\u0103 era astfel categoric exprimat\u0103.<\/h4>\n

Odat\u0103 cu numirea lui Corneliu Bogdan ca ambasador la Washington, Rom\u00e2nia a avut, prin reprezentantul ei diplomatic, „intrare liber\u0103” la Departamentul de Stat. \u00cenc\u0103 de la prezentarea scrisorilor de acreditare, Corneliu Bogdan s-a dovedit un diplomat plin de ini\u0163iativ\u0103: el renun\u0163\u0103 la textul protocolar \u015fi abordeaz\u0103 problema clauzei na\u0163iunii celei mai favorizate pentru Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi posibilul rol de mediator al \u0163\u0103rii sale \u00eentre SUA \u015fi RD Vietnam. Johnson, strivit de r\u0103zboiul din Vietnam, tot mai nepopular \u00een SUA, accept\u0103 oferta, \u015fi Rom\u00e2nia intr\u0103 \u00eentr-un rol pe care \u00eel va juca cu mult succes, cum se va vedea, \u00een alte spa\u0163ii.<\/h4>\n

Tot aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 extern\u0103- dinamic\u0103 \u015fi imaginativ\u0103 – este asociat\u0103 pe plan intern cu un „nou curs”, care asigur\u0103 lui Ceau\u015fescu popularitate. De\u015fi handicapat de o vorbire deficitar\u0103 (se lanseaz\u0103 zvonul c\u0103 defectul s\u0103u este rezultatul b\u0103t\u0103ii primite \u00een \u00eenchisoare), noul lider este primit \u015fi privit cu bun\u0103voin\u0163\u0103. El se arat\u0103 dispus s\u0103 asculte – ceea ce este foarte mult pentru un dictator communist – , se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte cu grupuri reprezentative ale elitei cultural-stiin\u0163ifice, se arat\u0103 receptiv la \u00eennoire. Ceau\u015fescu manifest\u0103 preocupare pentru ameliorarea condi\u0163iilor materiale de existen\u0163\u0103, vrea \u015fi industrializare, \u015fi bun\u0103stare.<\/h4>\n

Semnul cel mai gr\u0103itor al „noului curs” \u00eel constituie plenara CC din 22-25 aprilie 1968, considerat\u0103, pe bun\u0103 dreptate, de Dumitru Popescu drept „momentul maxim al procesului destaliniz\u0103rii \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, v\u00e2rful s\u0103u. Securitatea e pus\u0103 la st\u00e2lpul infamiei! – continu\u0103 singurul Popescu devenit Dumnezeu. Pentru prima dat\u0103 se spune c\u0103, \u00eentr-o anumit\u0103 etap\u0103 a regimului socialist, ea a jucat un rol nefast, c\u0103 a creat o atmosfer\u0103 de grav\u0103 suspiciune \u00een s\u00e2nul societ\u0103\u0163ii, alter\u00e2nd rela\u0163iile dintre oameni, arunc\u00e2ndu-i pe unii \u00eempotriva altora.” Dovada cea mai elocvent\u0103 este faptul c\u0103 Securitatea a \u00eentocmit opt milioane de dosare, privind cu ostilitate sau cel pu\u0163in cu suspiciune aproape jum\u0103tate din popula\u0163ia \u0163\u0103rii.<\/h4>\n

Plenara a reabilitat – una din „specialit\u0103\u0163ile” regimurilor comuniste- pe Lucre\u0163iu P\u0103tr\u0103\u015fcanu, pe al\u0163i comuni\u015fti care fuseser\u0103 lovi\u0163i \u00een timpul lui Gheorghiu-Dej, ca \u015fi pe cei condamna\u0163i \u015fi executa\u0163i \u00een URSS, din ordinul lui Stalin, \u00een anii „Marii Terori”.<\/h4>\n

Reabilit\u0103rile au fost \u015fi mijlocul prin care Ceau\u015fescu l-a \u00eenl\u0103turat pe rivalul s\u0103u cel mai primejdios, Alexandru Dr\u0103ghici, denun\u0163at ca responsabil, \u00eentre altele, de ancheta \u00eempotriva lotului P\u0103tr\u0103\u015fcanu, Dac\u0103 Gheorghiu-Dej avusese de luptat cu rivali care \u00eei contestau pozi\u0163ia de secretar general, Ceau\u015fescu nu avea a se teme de concuren\u0163i reali, ci doar de lideri frustra\u0163i ca urmare a marginaliz\u0103rii lor (Chivu Stoica, Gh. Apostol, Al. B\u00e2rl\u0103deanu) Dezv\u0103luirea ilegalit\u0103\u0163ilor din timpul lui Gheorghiu-Dej nu a c\u0103p\u0103tat \u00eens\u0103 caracterul unei campanii de „demascare” \u015fi condamnare total\u0103 \u015fi sistematic\u0103, ci s-a limitat numai la reabilitarea unor victime din nomenclatur\u0103 ale lui Dej \u015fi \u00eendep\u0103rtarea imediat\u0103 a unui \u015fir de apropia\u0163i colaboratori ai \u00eenainta\u015fului.<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n
\"Ion<\/a>
Ion Gheorghe Maurer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00cen timp ce Maurer a r\u0103mas neclintit \u00een postul de premier, conduc\u0103torul de fapt al guvernului a devenit Ilie Verde\u0163, numit prim-viceprimministru. Supervizarea organelor de securitate \u015fi a armatei a fost \u00eencredin\u0163at\u0103 lui Vasile Pantiline\u0163, ca secretar al CC.  Din sectorul ideologiei a fost scos stalinistul Leonte R\u0103utu, sfera sa de competen\u0163\u0103 fiind \u00eencredin\u0163at\u0103 unor oameni autentic cultiva\u0163i \u015fi imaginitavi ca Dumitru Popescu, redactorul-\u015fef al „Sc\u00e2nteii”, \u015fi Ion Iliescu. Pentru economie, sf\u0103tuitorii asculta\u0163i erau Manea M\u0103nescu \u015fi Roman Moldovan. \u00cen cur\u00e2nd avea s\u0103 fac\u0103 o ascensiune spectaculoas\u0103 Cornel Burtic\u0103. Paul Niculescu-Mizil, dup\u0103 o perioad\u0103 de afirmare ca secretar al CC cu rela\u0163iile externe (plecarea lui de la o conferin\u0163\u0103 a partidelor comuniste, desf\u0103\u015furat\u0103 la Budapesta, i-a dat o statur\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103 ), el intr\u0103 tot mai mult intr-un con de umbr\u0103, de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul  anilor ’60.<\/h4>\n

Material preluat din „O istorie sincera a poporului roman”, Florin Constantin, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, Bucuresti 2008<\/em><\/h4>\n

<\/h4>
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A\u015fa cum eroul lui Rebreanu era obsedat de st\u0103p\u00e2nirea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, recurg\u00e2nd la mijloacele primitive \u015fi brutale pentru a-l dob\u00e2ndi, totRead More<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[1747,590,663,59,60,1239,489,415,1748,262,1517,1749,1743,1750,1733,545,276,1090,1751,475],"class_list":["post-4294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-romania-sub-ceausescu","tag-brejnev","tag-cc","tag-ceausescu","tag-desteptati","tag-desteptati-va","tag-gheorghiu-dej","tag-independenta","tag-israel","tag-maurer","tag-moscova","tag-niculescu-mizil","tag-oligarh","tag-pact","tag-plenara","tag-rfg","tag-sua","tag-tezaur","tag-varsovia","tag-verdet","tag-vietnam"],"rise-blocks_total_comments":0,"rise-blocks_categories":[{"term_id":27,"name":"Romania sub Ceausescu","slug":"romania-sub-ceausescu","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":27,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":6,"filter":"raw"}],"rise-blocks_excerpt":"A\u015fa cum eroul lui Rebreanu era obsedat de st\u0103p\u00e2nirea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, recurg\u00e2nd la mijloacele primitive \u015fi brutale pentru a-l dob\u00e2ndi, tot astfel Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu a fost un obsedat al independen\u0163ei, sf\u00e2r\u015find prin a face din ea un \u0163el. Atunci, \u00eens\u0103, la preluarea puterii, Ceau\u015fescu era hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 mearg\u0103 mult mai departe dec\u00e2t predecesorul s\u0103u \u00een distan\u0163area de Moscova. De la prima..","yoast_head":"\r\nInceputurile lui Ceausescu \u015fi iritarea Moscovei -<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/20\/inceputurile-lui-ceausescu-si-iritarea-moscovei\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inceputurile lui Ceausescu \u015fi iritarea Moscovei -\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A\u015fa cum eroul lui Rebreanu era obsedat de st\u0103p\u00e2nirea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, recurg\u00e2nd la mijloacele primitive \u015fi brutale pentru a-l dob\u00e2ndi, totRead More\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/desteptati-va.ro\/index.php\/2021\/04\/20\/inceputurile-lui-ceausescu-si-iritarea-moscovei\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" 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